Odonata as candidate macroecological barometers for global climate change.

Many investigators have described a footprint of global environmental change in macroecological trends across multiple taxa. However, little comparative analysis has been done to evaluate whether some taxa are responding more than others. I tested 2 hypotheses: 1) taxa vary strongly in terms of range shifts and phenological advances in their responses to changing climate, and 2) taxa that shift ranges also advance phenology. I used an initial database of >4 million recorded sightings of UK animal species from 24 orders and found descriptions of range shifts for 612 species and phenological trends for 923 species. I compared the 2 responses for 464 species and found wide variation in the extent to which taxa are responding. Vertebrate taxa were the least well recorded and showed weak or nonsignificant responses. Invertebrates were well recorded and responded strongly in range and phenology, but evidence of an association between range shifts and phonological advances was equivocal. My results show that different taxa are exhibiting different responses to the same environmental change, and that mechanistic and traits-based studies may reveal the causes of that variation. Spatial responses may be constrained by mode of dispersal, and insects and arachnids typically respond strongly, whereas terrestrial vertebrates do not. Phenological responses are complex and may involve species-specific physiological relationships between development and seasonal cues. Use of a model taxon could increase efficiency of monitoring regimes by simplifying monitoring targets and techniques. Potential exists for ≥1 taxa to be indicators of climate change, whereby the responses of one or a group of species could be used to infer changes at a broader taxonomic scale. I highlight Odonata as a taxon that responds strongly in multiple modalities, is charismatic enough to appeal to citizen scientists, and is an emerging physiological and genetic model