Silver-based surface plasmon waveguide for terahertz quantum cascade lasers

Terahertz quantum cascade lasers (THz QCLs) have undergone rapid developments since their first demonstration in 2002. Presently, the wide spectral range (1.2–5.2 THz) and high output power (1 W) make THz QCLs promising sources for applications in high-resolution spectroscopy and THz imaging. However, their maximum operating temperature is only 199.5 K and therefore cryogenic cooling is still needed. Improving the thermal performance of THz QCLs is a key challenge for their practical usage. The waveguide loss is closely related with the device thermal performance. To lower the loss, copper has been used to replace the gold in the standard metal–metal waveguide scheme, and around 10 K increase in the maximum lasing temperature has been achieved. Here, we employ silver as the waveguide metal and investigate its effects on devices with a single surface-plasmon waveguide configuration