Marine strata deposited during late Cenomanian and early Turonian time display lithological, faunal, and geochemical characteristics which indicate that significant parts of the world ocean were periodically oxygen deficient. At, or very close to, the Cenomanian-Turonian boundary, between 90.5 and 91.5Ma ago, oxygen deficiencies were particularly marked over a period of <1Ma. This short-lived episode of oceanic oxygen deficiency has been termed the Cenomanian-Turonian 'Oceanic Anoxic Event' (OAE). The widespread distribution of anoxic sediments deposited synchronously during such a short-lived event indicates that such sediments are not simply the product of coincidental local climatic or basinal water mass characteristics but are the resul...