Sonoelectroanalysis: investigation of bismuth-film-modified glassy carbon electrodes.

Bismuth-modified glassy carbon electrodes have been investigated for their suitability in sonoelectroanalysis. The stability of the bismuth film to the application of ultrasound was assessed via voltammetric and atomic force microscopy (AFM) studies which revealed little ablation at powers up to an intensity of 130 W cm(-2) delivered from a 25-kHz sonic horn. Furthermore, bismuth-film-modified glassy carbon electrodes were evaluated for the sonoelectroanalytical quantification of zinc and cadmium. Detection limits of 2 x 10(-7) M and 6 x 10(-9) M respectively were found after a 60-s deposition time via an acoustically assisted deposition protocol