Strukturální změny somatických embryí jehličnanů během jejich zrání a konverze v rostliny uplatnitelné v krajinářské tvorbě

Somatic embryogenesis is an attractive method of vegetative propagation of conifers. However, in many species of conifers are still problems in growing high quality cotyledonary somatic embryos. This is the reason for low quantity of viable plants. Somatic embryogenesis is an integrated process consisting of several consecutive steps. The right timing of individual steps and appropriate in vitro environment is very important to complete the whole process of somatic embryogenesis successfully. However, in many conifers is still necessary to examine the correct procedures and to create better conditions to achieve successfully grown plants. The aim of this thesis was to study the development of somatic embryos of conifers during the maturation and conversion into viable plants. We focused on the prevalence of abnormal cotyledonary somatic embryos created at the end stage of maturation and whether these somatic embryos have the potential to develop into viable plants. It was further found that if cotyledonary somatic embryos develop in the stage of maturation in a certain way, then it can not be changed the appearance or structure of the somatic embryos, thus encouraging the formation of meristem from which it began to develop a plant. Furthermore, in this work we tested the ability of embryogenic lines of Norway spruce (Picea abies) and silver fir (Abies alba) to start the process of maturation after 3 years of maintenance culture on proliferation medium