Stabilization of knee joint in Female football players while respecting their menstrual cycle without the use of hormonal contraceptives

The issue of the knee joint and its structures is nowadays in the field of sport very current. It has to do with the increasing demands that are placed on the muscular and ligamentous apparatus. The knee joint is a complex functional unit, which consists of many bones and intraarticular services. Tibia, femur and among themselves to create articulation femorotibiall and femoropatellar. Both of these joints form one jointknee anatomy. In connection with its specific structure allows this complex anatomical element of two seemingly incompatible features-stability and mobility. The stable position of the knee from the energy point of view, it is economical. On both of the functions involved in dynamic and static stabilizers. The first group consists of the active support and is represented by the muscles. The second group provides passive support joint and this includes ligaments, menisci, joint capsule, and the shape of the joint surfaces. In the women's football are the most traumatized by the lower limb especially the ankles and knees. According to Engebretsena and Steffena (2006) make up 26% of all knee injuries in women's football. In the world of football is more than men's soccer players to injury knee ligament-mainly anterior cruciate ligament. 70% of this ligament is injured uncontact mechanism. In the LCA is the receptor of sex hormones-estrogen and progesterone. These hormones have a direct effect on the structure of the LCA. The menstrual cycle (MC) is increeasing laxity of the knee joint during ovulation and the luteal phase (15. day of the MC-the end of the MC). In this period, the female knee is the most susceptible to injury. This thesis deals with the issue of just the knee joint in the world of football. It also discusses the regular fluctuations in endogenous female hormones and their effects on the ligament laxity . The theoretical part is focused on football, the differences between women and men and predilection places in the women's football injuries. Special chapter then describes the specifics of the female knee. The end of the theoretical part is devoted to the physiology of the menstrual cycle, the female sex hormones and their effects on ligaments. The main task of this work was to build a specific system of exercises for the world of football. The SSC is focused mainly on strengthening muscles involved in the movement in the knee joint and to stabilise this joint. The SSC should serve as a complement to the classical training and was included in the training units for a period of two months. Another aim was to compare the effectiveness of SSC groups A and B. Members of the group A trained in the different phases of the menstrual cycle for exercise, which should positively affect the stability of the knee joint in relation to increased or decreased ligament laxity, due to the action of female hormones. The group B then didn´t take account of the MC physiology. In the practical part of the thesis was used the method of qualitative research. Four players in one of the South Bohemian football team were examined. Research file is moved between the ages of 19 to 26 years of age. The girls did not use hormonal contraception at the time of reserch. For the refinement of the input and output of measurement results, I investigated the players between 5.-6. on the day of their MC with the opening two months. Objectification of the results I achieved by using four specific tests. One of these tests was to score one of the Functional movement screen. Input rating in the FMS range 22-25 points. When the output rating rose to 27-30 points. My work is probably the first of this focus. Its contribution could be a reduction in the number of injuries of the knee joint in the world of football. I consider the work of the information material for trainers, implementation teams and the female football players. In the future, can become a catalyst for further research into the issue