The importance of regular fitness activities before planned orthopedic surgery

The bachelor thesis deals with the influence of regular fitness activities before the scheduled orthopedic surgery. The thesis discusses the use of special methods of physiotherapy and physical therapy to help patients prepare for their surgery and post-operative rehabilitation. The most common scheduled orthopedic surgery in the Czech Republic is a total hip joint prosthesis, it is applied up to 10 000 refunds anually. The total hip joint prosthesis is followed by a less frequent knee joint prosthesis. Implementation of any suitably chosen fitness activity before the surgery may be very useful and desirable for the patient.The current knowledge of the anatomy and biomechanics of bearing joints of the lower limb - knee and hip is summarized in the theoretical part of the thesis. This part also describes the joint compensation in detail. After that, there is mentioned the development of compensations in the course of history, as well as the different types of prosthesis and inserted components. Last but not least, there are described surgical approaches of implantation of the compensation. The theoretical part also includes appropriate physiotherapeutic procedures and methods of physical therapy that can be applied in a pre-operative period. The aim of this thesis is to explore whether regular fitness activities applied before the surgery have an impact on the course of post-operative rehabilitation. The qualitative research method was used to achieve the objectives in the practical part. The collect the data there were used case reports, interview, observation and photographic documentation. Three patients participated in the research, all diagnosed with osteoarthritis of the joint, two of them of the hip joint and one of them of the knee joint. Not a single one of those patients was cured by the conservative treatment, so they all were recommended for surgical treatment consisting of the replacement of the damaged joint. At the first meeting the medical history and the kinesiological analysis were taken. After evaluating the input data, patients were acquainted with therapeutic method. The therapy continued for one month, three times a week. After ending the therapy, the output kinesiology analysis was taken. Each of the patients told her subjective opinion about the course of the therapy and the changes experienced after treatment. All data were recorded and subsequently evaluated. During the therapy local findings were threated at the first place. Specifically the limited joint mobility, swelling of soft tissues around the joints and shortened or weakened muscles. They were used sensomotor techniques that are suitable for correction of flat foot or hallux valgus. The stabilization techniques PNF and activation HSS were used to strengthen the entire trunk and to restore the stabilizing function of the diaphragm. This was followed by the strengthening of the upper limbs to prepare them for future walking on crutches. The last point after the treatment of local findings was the setting of the joint in proper movement stereotype. When the therapy was finished, patients reported a mild pain relief and greater stability of their limb and the entire body. The collected data show also an improvement of the muscle strength of damaged joints for at least half a degree The indicator of the progress is the comparison of the goniometric examination before and after the therapy. The joint mobility was incresed. Surgical procedures were carried out without any complications and subsequent rehabilitation was with no problem for our patiens