The comparison of nursing care for clients with MRSA at the ICU and standard unit

This thesis deals with one of the most important multidrug-resistant infection ?MRSA. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a nosocomial pathogen that has the ability to spread very fast. Infections caused by MRSA are always associated with high mortality. An antibiotic resistance is a reason for twice increased morbidity, it prolongs hospitalization of patients, thus significantly increases the costs of health care (European Antibiotic Awareness Day, 2012). The costs spent for the prevention of multidrug-resistant infections represents less than 20% of the cost needed to treat patients suffering this infection. Among the risk factors associated with the emergence of MRSA infection or its carriage include a long stay in the hospital, especially the ICN, invasive procedures, antibiotic treatment, diabetes mellitus, chronic renal failure associated with dialysis, and skin disease. There is a usual transfer by hands of nursing staff, but the transfer via the air can not be excluded (Maďar et al., 2006).There were set four objectives for the study. The first goal was to determine whether there are differences in the principles of barrier nursing care for patients with MRSA in hygiene, eating, emptying and the re-bandaging at intensive care units (?ARO? and ?JIP? departments) and standard units. The second objective was to map the availability of protective equipment for staff in particular departments. The third goal was to find out differences in knowledge of the nursing staff on the issue of MRSA at various departments. The fourth objective was to determine how the various departments involve families of the patients with MRSA in the treatment process.Study conclusions show differences between particular intensive care departments. There is the best provision of barrier nursing care at the ICN ? ARO in all explored parts. The research found there is the possibility of isolating patients with MRSA on a separate stall or room in all departments. There were deficiencies in barrier nursing care related to ICN ? JIP and standard units. Than survey found out there are some standard units and ICN ? JIP, where there are used decolonization neither in health care and nor in re-bandaging of patients with MRSA. In the case of specific nutrition of a patient with MRSA there are not properly distinguished and disinfected used tools in these departments. Regarding the specifics of emptying of patient with MRSA there are usual mistakes made by respondents from ICN ? JIP and standard units in the procedure of handling infectious biological waste. A positive result is unlimited availability of protective equipment for particular departments. However, there are the standard units where the use of protective equipment involves gloves only. Startling finding is the washing of hands before entering the room and after leaving disinfectant respondents from ICN ? ARO only. The knowledge of respondents on the issue of MRSA were at a very good level except one respondent from the standard department. There is an effort to involve the family in the treatment process in all departments. According to all respondents there is a great irreplaceable importance of the family during hospitalization of the patient