The influence of way and intensity of grassland exploitation on sward composition and crop yield

The aim of this work is to assess the influences of various methods of cultivating and making use of permanent grasslands in respect of their surface structure and productivity. At the same time we have to take into account the production and extra-production importance of permanent grasslands. That is affected by exploiting different pratotechnic methods (mowing, grazing, alternate ways of cultivation, absence of cultivation) which have an effect on the formation of vegetation structure of the grass growth. One of the consequent aspects is also fytocenologic and production characteristics of the grass growth. In the work there are also methods of assessment and classification of space types and the summary of the most widespread ones mentioned. The earning capability of various growth types and proper methods of their exploiting is also an important part of the work. Permanent grasslands are main component of fodder for livestock, and throught them we can make livestock farming more effective. For the best quality and profit of grasslands is necessary proper preparing a land, mainly by manuring and mulching. Well manured grasslands give higher crop yield than unmanured. Crop yield also dependson climatic conditions and soil qualities. Plant and grass biomass presents materials of identical origin, which can be used in various branches of agriculture and industry.Using appropriate pratotechnic procedures, corresponding with ecological and economical conditions, we can expect high-quality yield. Combination of mowing and grazing appears as the most convenient utilization of grasslands. Mulching is alternative and the cheapest way of farming on not used (by mowing or grazing) grasslands, because it prevents overgrowningUtilization of grasslands a grazings must be conected with enviromental protection and should be sustainable