Is sport participation an investment in human capital or a consumption of leasure time?

Students who participated in athletics are estimated to receive 20% better grades than their non-athletes colleagues. These findings suggest that athletic participation may enhance the development of motivation, competitive spirit, confidence, discipline and team spirit. Sport participation seems to be a form of human capital investments. We can see stronger effect of individual than collective sport participation. Based on these findings we can assume that wage premium for athletes, as previous studies found, may be caused by real higher productivity of work and study. Other important determinants of academic performance are health and preference of study preparation over sport. Athletes feel more attractive than non-athletes although there wasn't found association with learning outcomes. In the case of combination of sport and employment time costs overweight benefits and performance getting worse