Occurences of Surface and Endophytic Fungi on Mangroves

Mangroves are the trees or shrubs that are found in intertidal zone between land and sea. It is important to ecosystem. The objectives were identified the surface and endophytic fungi on mangroves. Surface and Endophytic fungi were isolated from different parts of each mangrove species. Physiological and morphological characteristics of the selected fungi were studied. Two isolation methods were used, there are plating method and isolation of endophytic fungi. A total of 58 species of fungi were found during this study. In general, there were 45 species of surface fungi and 33 species of endophytic fungi were observed. 21 species of the fungi were both surface and endophytic fungi. There are many colonies of endophytic fungi were found on Aviccennia sp. and Rhizophora sp., while the colonies of surface fungi were found more on Avicennia sp., Rhizophora sp. and Sonneratia sp. The effect of different pH, temperatures, light conditions, and different concentration of Sodium Chloride were examined. The ANOVA analysis showed that each test had significant different to the fungi growth. Growth test at different pH conditions showed that most of the fungi were growth well at pH4 to pH7. The optimum temperatures were range of 20°C to 30°C. The light conditions have significant effect to fungi growth. The tested fungi were grown well at O.OM to 0.6M ofNaCl concentration