Phylogenetic Studies of Luciosoma setigerum by using Mitochondrial CO1 Gene from Batang Baleh, Sarawak

Luciosoma sp. belonging to family Cyprinidae of order Cypriniformes are widely distributed throughout Southeast Asia and it is endemic to Borneo. The phylogenetic relationship of Luciosoma setigerum collected from Batang Baleh, Sarawak was inferred by sequencing of Cytochrome oxidase Subunit 1 (COI) mitochondrial gene. In this study, additional sequence data from Genbank for L. setigerum and L. bleekeri and Osteochilus melanopleurus as an outgroup were used. A total of 624 bp of aligned sequences, 470 sites were conservative, 154 sites were variable, 95 sites were parsimony- informative, and 59 sites were singleton. The genetic distance among Luciosoma setigerum species was low (0%- 0.077%) and considered as intraspecific variation. The transition rate (55.023) was higher than transversion rate (32.89). NeighbourJoining (NJ), Maximum parsimony (MP) and Maximum likelihood (ML) phylogenetic trees were constructed. Based on the tree, all L. setigerum species formed monophyletic clade supported by 99%, 100% and 100% for NJ, MP and ML trees respectively while L. bleekeri species formed another monophyletic clade supported by 100% bootstrap value for all NJ, MP and ML trees