Add to ORKGThe Internet has been a key to optimizing the supply chain, enabling real-time data to be shared between supply chain partners, which usually connect together as an e-business network. Nowadays the focus is on building-in value added products/services, thereby enabling the network to differentiate itself from its competitors in a more sustainable manner. In this context, outsourcing has provided significant cost reductions for businesses, with the use of third party logistics providers (3PLs). This is today only a ‘qualifying criterion’ for most businesses, and no longer a competitive advantage. The creation of a fourth party logistics provider (4PL) aims at moving the client to a more competitive position, by analysing relevant business ri...