When designing electron or ion optical systems, the FEM has found applications not only in the magnetic lens design but also in the design of electrostatic lenses and deflection systems. The first order FEM can provide accurate results not only on the axis but also off axis and thus suitable for ray tracing. Computations run on personal computers that are getting ever faster and with improving graphical capabilities. Important development has also been made in the operating systems, 32 bit Windows being rather standard. The new compilers for PCs for most languages including Fortran run under Windows, example being Compaq Visual Fortran that we use not only for "console" applications (few GByte can be addressed) but also for graphics. Graphi...