Study of single-flash thunderstorms over wind farms in the Basque Country

This paper presents six different thunderstorms affecting wind farms in the Basque Country. In this work, single-flash thunderstorms are discussed. The term single-flash is used in order to refer thunderstorms that leave very few or even only one lightning flash. Those flashes affected to the tall structures. The lightning impacts have been detected using different technologies in two separate lightning detection and location networks. Depending on the peak current estimated by the lightning detection sensors, most of the detections can be classified as upward leaders initiated by the wind turbines in presence of a thundercloud. Both cold and warm season thunderstorms are considered. A complete characterization of the thunderstorms using data from lightning detections networks and weather radar is provide