The hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of levulinic acid (LA) aldol condensation product dimers was studied between 250 and 300 °C and 50 bar H2 in a batch reactor with Ru catalyst supported on mesoporous zirconia. During the reaction, the unsaturated dimers, which contained ketone groups and double bonds, were hydrogenated to saturated dimers. A greater degree of deoxygenation was achieved at higher temperatures, and oxygen was removed as water and CO2. Oxygen removal was evidenced by elemental analysis and infrared spectroscopy, in which the C=O peak decreased with increasing temperature. A drawback of high reaction temperature (300 °C) was a minor degree of oligomerization. The formation of aromatics was also observed at the higher temperatures. A...
Due to the rapidly declining fossil fuel reserves and the onset of global climate change, the develo...
Levulinic acid (LA) is a polyfunctional molecule obtained from biomass. Because of its structure, th...
In recent years, functionalized metal oxides have been gaining popularity for biomass conversion to ...
The hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of levulinic acid (LA) aldol condensation product dimers was studied be...
The possibility to valorize levulinic acid (LA) dimers to lignocellulose-based biofuels via hydrodeo...
The possibility to valorize levulinic acid (LA) dimers to lignocellulose-based biofuels via hydrodeo...
The possibility to valorize levulinic acid (LA) dimers to lignocellulose-based biofuels via hydrode...
The acid catalyzed condensation of levulinic acid was studied using a series of solid acid catalysts...
The acid catalyzed condensation of levulinic acid was studied using a series of solid acid catalysts...
Levulinic acid (LA), which can be produced from the sugar fractions of lignocellulosic biomass, is a...
The hydrogenation of levulinic acid (LA) to gamma-valerolactone (GVL) is a crucial reaction included...
The catalytic performance of 1 wt% Ru-based catalysts in the hydrogenation of levulinic acid (LA) ha...
Due to the rapidly declining fossil fuel reserves and the onset of global climate change, the develo...
The catalytic performance of 1 wt% Ru-based catalysts in the hydrogenation of levulinic acid (LA) ha...
The catalytic performance of 1 wt% Ru-based catalysts in the hydrogenation of levulinic acid (LA) ha...
Due to the rapidly declining fossil fuel reserves and the onset of global climate change, the develo...
Levulinic acid (LA) is a polyfunctional molecule obtained from biomass. Because of its structure, th...
In recent years, functionalized metal oxides have been gaining popularity for biomass conversion to ...
The hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of levulinic acid (LA) aldol condensation product dimers was studied be...
The possibility to valorize levulinic acid (LA) dimers to lignocellulose-based biofuels via hydrodeo...
The possibility to valorize levulinic acid (LA) dimers to lignocellulose-based biofuels via hydrodeo...
The possibility to valorize levulinic acid (LA) dimers to lignocellulose-based biofuels via hydrode...
The acid catalyzed condensation of levulinic acid was studied using a series of solid acid catalysts...
The acid catalyzed condensation of levulinic acid was studied using a series of solid acid catalysts...
Levulinic acid (LA), which can be produced from the sugar fractions of lignocellulosic biomass, is a...
The hydrogenation of levulinic acid (LA) to gamma-valerolactone (GVL) is a crucial reaction included...
The catalytic performance of 1 wt% Ru-based catalysts in the hydrogenation of levulinic acid (LA) ha...
Due to the rapidly declining fossil fuel reserves and the onset of global climate change, the develo...
The catalytic performance of 1 wt% Ru-based catalysts in the hydrogenation of levulinic acid (LA) ha...
The catalytic performance of 1 wt% Ru-based catalysts in the hydrogenation of levulinic acid (LA) ha...
Due to the rapidly declining fossil fuel reserves and the onset of global climate change, the develo...
Levulinic acid (LA) is a polyfunctional molecule obtained from biomass. Because of its structure, th...
In recent years, functionalized metal oxides have been gaining popularity for biomass conversion to ...