Welfare beyond the state: ‘ihsani’ societal-based welfare

This does not lead to the creation of an imaginary, utopian society based purely on theory without consideration for reality. To achieve their goals, individuals will actively be working to promote society’s ‘well-being’ and the creation of ‘social capital’, or ihsani capital. Indeed, these things are currently accepted by many people who are not Muslim as an effective aspect of the promotion of economic development, equality, participation and democracy. Increasing evidence shows that social cohesion is critical for societies to prosper economically and for development to be sustainable. The Islamic world view regards the human person as created to be the vice-regent (Caliph) of God on earth with a mission to be pursued. This world view shapes the aspiration and vision of Muslims and helps turn people into ‘functioning individuals’ who dedicate themselves to this duty in order to attain falah (holistic success in this world and the next) Material objectives are not the ultimate aims of the Islamic-motivated struggle for development. The achievement of material enrichment emerges as a result of individuals exercising their ‘inner’ conviction to attain falah through the culture of ihsan (perfection).. Those individuals are not living individually in the pursuit only of their own aims, but rather acting collectively with a spirit of solidarity and sharing their ideals with others. The struggle of the functioning individual to pursue his own well-being and that of the community not only manifests itself in the ritual-spirituality of the individual, but also represents the true meaning of striving in the way of Allah (jihad)