Household food insecurity in Malaysia: findings from Malaysian Adults Nutrition Survey

Introduction: Food security is an essential universal dimension of household well-being. Food security is usually defined as an access by all people at all times to enough food for an active and healthy life. The deprivation of basic need represented by food insecurity is undesirable. Objective: To determine the associations between selected household food security parameters and socio-demographic characteristics. Methods: Data were derived from 3000 respondents participated in the Malaysian Adult Nutrition Survey 2014. Food security parameters were measured based on the modified Short Form of the Household Food Security 6-Item Scale by the USDA. Associations for categorical data were carried using chi-square test for complex sample survey. Results: The prevalence of Malaysian adults that had both reduced the size of meals and skipped main meals because of financial constraints at least one or two months in the past 12 months was 13.4% (95% CI: 11.5%, 15.5%). This prevalence was significantly higher in East Malaysia (20.3%) than in Peninsular Malaysia (11.5%) and in rural areas (18.8%) than in urban areas (11.0%). It was also highest among households with income