Particles as speaker indexicals in free indirect discourse

Free indirect discourse (FID) is one of the many varieties of reported speech. It is commonly agreed that passages in FID have to be interpreted relative to two context parameters , the narrator context C and the context of speech/thought of the protagonist c. While temporal and local shifting indexicals have received ample discussion in the literature, shiftable reference to the speaker is a largely neglected phenomenon, to the exception of Sharvit (2008). I offer an analysis of German speaker oriented particles as a shifting indexicals which reveals how particles can be used to indicate speaker shifts in free indirect discourse.publishe