Centrifuge model tests on embedded retaining walls supported by earth berms

Earth berms are often used for the temporary support of embedded retaining walls, but there is a lack of information concerning the factors that influence their behaviour. In this paper, the results of a series of plane strain, 1:100 scale centrifuge model tests on berm-supported embedded retaining walls in overconsolidated clay are presented. It is shown that earth berms will probably be more effective in reducing soil and wall movements than an increase in the depth of wall embedment; that an increase in the depth of embedment of a wall of given stiffness supported by a berm of a given size will lead to an increase in wall bending moments, but only a small reduction in wall and soil movements; and that the presence of the berm in limiting wall movements and possibly preventing collapse becomes more significant as drainage occurs