Ecological analysis of aquatic macroinvertebrate communities in three types of running waters in Belgrade region

Proučavanjem zajednica akvatičnih makrobeskičmenjaka tekućih voda na područjuBeograda u periodu 2007-2011. godina zabeleženo je 115 taksona iz 48 porodica, 8 klasa i 5razdela. Istraživani vodotoci nalaze se pod velikim antropogenim stresom i prema važećemPravilniku o parametrima ekološkog i hemijskog statusa površinskih voda i parametrimahemijskog i kvantitativnog statusa podzemnih voda (Službeni glasnik RS 74/2011), svrstanisu u tri tipa i to: tip 1, vrlo velike ravničarske reke sa dominacijom finog nanosa – Dunav iSava; tip 2, velike reke sa dominacijom srednje krupnog nanosa – Kolubara; i tip 3, male isrednje velike reke nadmorske visine do 500 m sa dominacijom krupnog nanosa –Topčiderska i Železnička reka. Istraživanja su vršena od 2007. do 2011. godine u perioduvisokih voda (maj/jun) i niskih voda (septembar/oktobar). Takođe je korišćen i materijalprikupljen u periodu od 1996. do 2000. godine od strane istaživača laboratorije Odeljenja zahidroekologiju i zaštitu voda Instituta za biološka istraživanja "Siniša Stanković" Univerzitetau Beogradu.U tipu 1 vodotoka na području Beograda zabeležena su 63 taksona u Dunavu i 43 uSavi, sa dominacijom oligoheta. Najveći broj taksona zabeležen je u tipu 2 vodotoka, 78taksona u Kolubari, sa dominacijom insekatske komponente u zajednici. U tipu 3 vodotoka, uTopčiderskoj i Železničkoj reci, zabeleženo je 25, odnosno 36 taksona, pri čemu je uTopčiderskoj reci dominirala grupa oligoheta, dok su u Železničkoj reci najveći udeo uzajednici imale hironomide. Poređenjem sa rezultatima prethodnih istraživanja, analizirane supromene u sastavu i strukturi zajednica u istraživanim tokovima.Rezultati multivarijantne analize ukazuju da je karakterističnoj distribuciji vrsta u svatri tipa istraživanih vodotoka u najvećoj meri doprineo hemijski sastav sedimenta. Fizički ihemijski parametri vode su takođe, u velikoj meri, pokazali uticaj na zajednice akvatičnihbeskičmenjaka. Uočeno je da je u velikim rekama efikasnije razmatrati vezu zajedniceakvatičnih beskičmenjaka i višemesečne prosečne vrednosti fizičkih i hemijskih parametaravode, dok su u manjim vodotocima bujičnog karaktera trenutno izmerene vrednosti pokazaleveći uticaj na zajednice akvatičnih beskičmenjaka...During the survey of the communities of aquatic macroinvertebrates of rivers andstreams in Belgrade region 115 taxa from 48 families, 8 classes and 5 phyla were detected.These waterbodies are under a high anthropogenic stress and, based on the Regulation on theparameters of the ecological and chemical status of surface waters and the parameters of thechemical and quantitative status of groundwater (Official Gazette of RS 74/2011), they areclassified into three types: Type 1, large lowland rivers with the domination of fine bottomsediments – the Danube and the Sava River; Type 2, large rivers with the domination ofmedium sized sediments – the Kolubara River; and Type 3, small to medium sized rivers atelevation of up to 500 m, with the domination of the hard bottom substrate – the TopčiderskaRiver and the Železnička River. The research was carried out from 2007 to 2011, in the periodof high water levels (May/June) and of low water levels (September/October). Additionalmaterial, collected from 1996 to 2000 by researchers from the laboratory of the Department ofAquatic Ecology of the Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković" of the Universityof Belgrade, was also included in the analyses.In the Type 1 watercourses in Belgrade region, 63 taxa were recorded in the Danubeand 43 in the Sava River, with Oligochaeta as the dominant group. The largest number of taxawere identified in the Type 2 watercourses, 78 taxa in the Kolubara River, with the dominanceof the insect component of the community. In the Type 3 watercourses, in the TopčiderskaRiver and the Železnička River, 25 and 36 taxa were recorded, respectively. WhileOligochaeta prevailed in the Topčiderska River, Chironomidae were the dominant group inthe Železnička River. Changes in the composition and structure of communities in the studiedstreams were observed following the comparison with the previous findings.The results of a multivariate analysis indicate that the chemical composition of thesediment largely contributed to the characteristic distribution of species in all threeinvestigated watercourses. Physical and chemical parameters of water also showed asignificant impact on communities of aquatic invertebrates. Our results suggest that it is moreeffective to analyse the relation of the average values of chemical parameters across severalmonths and macroinvertebrate assemblages in the case of large rivers, while for smaller sizewatercourses of torrential character, the current values of chemical parameters were bettercorrelated with these communities and had a greater impact on them..