프로그램 135-베트남 소수민족 지역에서 효과적인 빈곤감소 정책집행과 바람직한 거버넌스: Thai Nguyen Province의 성공사례

학위논문 (석사)-- 서울대학교 행정대학원 : 행정학과, 2014. 8. 엄석진.본 연구의 목적은 베트남의 의 2단계 사업(2006-2010)에 대해 바람직한 거버넌스의 관점에서 분석하는 것이다. 이 프로그램은 베트남의 산악지대 및 오지에 사는 소수민족을 대상으로 하는 정책이다. 이 프로그램의 목표는 첫째, 생산을 촉진하고 소수 민족 가정의 생활수준을 향상시키는 것이고, 둘째, 지역의 인프라와 공공서비스를 개발하여 전기, 학교, 보건 시설, 소규모 관개시설, 도로, 상수도 등을 공급하는 것이며, 셋째, 소수민족들이 더 나은 생활수준과 삶의 질에 관심을 갖도록 하는 것이다. 본 사례연구는 베트남의 가구생활수준조사 2006-2010의 현장조사로부터 질적자료를 이용하여 분석하였다. 또한 Thai Nguyen 지방의 인민위원회에서 프로그램 135 초기와 종료 시점에 작성한 보고서를 분석하였다. 본 연구는 바람직한 거버넌스와 빈곤감소 정책집행의 효율성의 관계에 대해 밝혔다. 프로그램 135 에서 바람직한 거버넌스의 특징들이 나타났는데, 예를 들어 주민들의 참여가 증가하고, 지역 단위의 의사결정과 프로그램 집행과정에서 합의지향적이고 반응적이며 투명한 정책결정과 집행이 증진되었다. 마을들이 참여하고 코뮨의 역할이 프로젝트 투자자로 변화함에 따라서 프로그램 135의 효율성, 효과성, 책임성이 증가했을 뿐만 아니라 형평성과 포괄성도 증대되었다. 사례연구 결과, Thai Nguyen 지방의 프로그램 135는 성공적인 사례인 것으로 확인되었다. 이 사례를 통해서 바람직한 거버넌스가 정책집행의 효율성에 긍정적인 역할을 하고 있다는 것을 명확히 증명하였다.The aim of this study is to analyse the Program 135 phase II from 2006 to 2010 in Vietnam from the perspective of good governance. This program is directly aimed at a geographic group who live in mountainous and remote areas of Viet Nam. The majority of this group is comprised of people of ethnic minorities. The program‟s target is to promote production and increase living – standards for ethic minority householdsdevelop infrastructure and develop essential public service in the localities such as electricity, schools, health clinics, small irrigation system, roads, clean water providing systemsenhance the people's awareness for better living standards -iiand quality of life. The case study is analysed depending on qualitative data from field survey based on the Viet Nam Household Living Standards Survey 2006 -2010 and the report at the beginning and ending of Program135 II of People's Committee of Thai Nguyen province. This study reveals relationship between good governance and the efficiency of policy implementation in poverty reduction. Several characteristics of good governance can be seen in Program 135 such as the increase of participation of residents, the consensus-oriented, responsive and transparent in decision-making and project implementation at the local level. Participation in the villages and the changing of commune role as project investor have brought not only efficiency, effectiveness, accountability, but also increase equity and inclusiveness in Program135. Case study which will be used in my thesis to analyze is Thai Nguyen province – a successful case of Program 135 phase II. Through this case, this research will clarify the appearance of good governance in the efficiency of policy implementation.Table of Contents Abstract i Content iii List of Tables vi List of Figures, Diagrams & Map vii List of Abbreviations viii CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION 1 I.1. Background and purpose of the study 1 I.2. Scope of the study 4 CHAPTER II. THEORETICAL BACKGROUND, RESEARCH DESIGN AND LITERATURE REVIEWS 7 II.1. Theoretical framework 7 II.1.1 Governance and Good Governance 7 II.1.1.1 Governance 7 II.1.1.2. Good Governance 8 II.1.2. Poverty and Poverty Reduction 11 II.1.2.1. Poverty 11 II.1.2.2. Poverty reduction 19 II.2.Literature review 20 II.3.Analytical framework and Research Method 27 II.3.1. Analytical framework 27 II.3.2 Method 29 CHAPTER III. OVERVIEW OF PROGRAM 135 PHASE II 2006-2010 31 III.1. Background and purpose 31 III.2. Program formulation – listening to ethnic minorities 33 -iv- III.3. Target beneficiaries and geographic coverage 34 III.4 Program Activities 35 III.5 Outcomes 37 III.5.1. Outcomes of Program 135 phase II at National level 37 III.5.2. Outcomes of Program 135 phase II in Thai Nguyen province 39 CHAPTER IV. ANALYSIS OF GOOD GOVERNANCE AND PROGRAM 135 43 VI.1 Participation 43 IV.1.1 Participation of households in selection process of infrastructure project 43 IV.1.2. Households contribution to the implementation of infrastructure Development projects under P135-II 44 IV.1.3. Households participation in monitoring implementation of the P135-II infrastructure works 46 IV.2 Consensus-Orientation and Responsiveness 47 IV.2.1 Central level 47 IV.2.2 Local level – Thai Nguyen province 49 VI.3 Transparency and Accountability 51 VI.3.1 Financial transparency 51 IV.3.2 Transparency in supervision activities 53 IV.3.3 Accountability 53 IV.4 Equity and Inclusiveness 54 IV.4.1 General Context of Vietnam 54 IV.4.2. Results in Thai Nguyen province 55 IV. 5 Rule of Law 56 IV.5.1 National regulations 56 IV.5.2 Provincial regulations – Thai Nguyen province 58 -v- IV.6. Effectiveness and Efficiency 58 IV.6.1. Organizational arrangement at National level 58 IV.6.2 Project management at local level 62 CHAPTER V. CONCLUSION 64 V.I. Good results and drawbacks of Program 135 Phase II 64 V.2 Policy recommendation 67 V.2.1 Better system for monitoring and evaluation. 67 V.2.2 Further decentralization 68 V.2.3 More participation from the bottom up 69 V.2.4 Communication 69 V.2.5 More international technical support to government 70 References 71 Appendix 75Maste