Three essays on the Internet: Network diffusion characteristics, Content pricing strategies, and new Regulation framework in IoT era

학위논문 (박사)-- 서울대학교 대학원 : 기술경영·경제·정책전공, 2017. 2. 황준석.Internet has changed the individuals life style and social aspect. And the Internet is the result of innovative activity since its development. This dissertation revisits the Internet on the view on innovation diffusion. The usage and diffusion of the Internet vary greatly by country and by income level. Chapter 2 investigates through empirical analysis the factors that make Internet diffusion faster, and the results show that the various and abundant content has played a crucial role for fast diffusion of the Internet. Another result is that, in the early stage of Internet diffusion, network externality seems to be the most important factor for fast Internet diffusion, but as diffusion progresses to a matured stage, the amount of available content is the crucial factor for fast Internet diffusion. And it can be inferred that the two industries are in an indivisible relationship for the diffusion of Internet. Chapter 3 compares the efficiency of digital contents firms which have different pricing strategies and the result shows that the zero pricing with additional revenue from online advertisement is the most efficient strategy by meta-frontier analysis. On the view of diffusion of innovation, this new business or operational strategy have helped diffusion of Internet or diffusion of innovation. It could be also inferred that this innovative strategy has helped and supported the diffusion of Internet rather than their innovation activity itself. Chapter 4 proposes new regulation framework in the IoT era. IoT service is new and innovative service based on the Internet and recently starts to launch. The new regulation framework, named as Isotropic dynamics regulation framework, is conceptual framework rather than a practical or legal regulation tool. And it considers three points of view. First, data and information should be delivered to targeted destinations precisely and on time, implying that the need for a vertical regulation framework has arisen. Second, appropriate regulations should be imposed on the three layers of the full IoT service, similar to the horizontal regulation framework associated with the traditional Internet era. Finally, innovations should be promoted isotropically in all three layers. The above describes the diffusion of Internet as diffusion of innovation. However, the integration of information will be another main issue as Internet network and its related services and contents, which came from integrated technologies, advance. And two policy directions are inferred: One is that integrated information should be managed very carefully because misused information may harm to users, and the other is that worldwide ICT policy is needed to deploy these integrated information and technologies in the developing countries because reduced transaction cost can spread more dividends of ICT in these countries.Chapter 1. Overall Introduction 1 1.1 Research Backgrounds 1 1.2 Research Questions and Models 7 Chapter 2. Content as a fast Internet diffusion factor 14 2.1 Introduction 14 2.2 Literature Review 17 2.2.1 S-type curve diffusion of new technology 18 2.2.2 Broadband diffusion driving factors 22 2.3 Methodology 27 2.3.1 Basic Framework 27 2.3.2 S-type curve fitting and maximum diffusion rate 28 2.3.3 Explanatory variable: the amount of available content 29 2.3.4 Other Independent Variables 31 2.3.5 Regression Model and Variable Description 33 2.4 Data Collection 34 2.4.1 Fixed Broadband Subscribers data and Growth curve fitting 34 2.4.2 GDP, URBAN, and FOP 38 2.4.3 Amount of available content 39 2.4.4 Basic Statistics 41 2.5 Analysis Result 45 2.5.1 Comparison by income level 46 2.5.2 Comparison by diffusion take-off time 46 2.5.3 Comparison by the number of fixed broadband subscribers 47 2.5.4 Comparison by the diffusion speed 47 2.5.5 Highlights of comparisons 48 2.6 Chapter Conclusion 56 Chapter 3. Efficiency comparison of digital content providers with different pricing strategies 61 3.1 Introduction 61 3.2 Methodology 65 3.2.1 SFA (Stochastic Frontier Analysis) 65 3.2.2 Meta-Frontier Analysis 67 3.3 Analysis Result and Discussion 70 3.3.1 Data 70 3.3.2 Analysis Result 72 3.3.3 Discussion 77 3.4 Chapter Conclusion 80 Chapter 4. New Regulation Framework in the IoT era: Isotropic Dynamics regulation 84 4.1 Introduction 84 4.2 Basic value and Regulation Framework Before IoT era 88 4.2.1 Electronic communications era 89 4.2.2 Traditional Internet era 90 4.3 Basic value and Innovation of IoT 94 4.3.1 What is IoT 94 4.3.2 Characteristics of IoT 98 4.3.3 Basic value of IoT 100 4.3.4 Innovation occurs at all three layers 101 4.4 Empirical Analysis 103 4.4.1 Introduction of Empirical Analysis 103 4.4.2 Methodology: mixed logit 105 4.4.3 Analysis Result 109 4.4.4 Discussion of empirical analysis 113 4.5 New Regulation Framework in IoT era 115 4.5.1 Regulatory Concerns in IoT era 115 4.5.2 What to be considered 117 4.5.3 New Regulation Framework: Isotropic Dynamics Regulation 121 4.6 Chapter Conclusion 123 Chapter 5. Overall conclusion 125 5.1 Summary of results 125 5.2 Further Research Challenges: Integration of Information 127 References 131 Appendix 2-1: Analyzed countries in Ch. 2 144 Appendix 2-2: Analyzed data in Ch. 2 148 Appendix 3-1: Analyzed data in Ch. 3 156 Abstract (Korean) 163Docto