Effect of Realism on Reforming Mordern Physical Education in West Europe

Realism was typical education thoughts in 17th century and againsted with humanism and emphasized educational curriculum based on the real condition. Realism may be classified as three kinds: 1) verbal realism 2) social realism 3) sense realism. Realists thought that physical education is apart of education and healthy body would be important not only to spiritual culture but also to military aims, Especially Realists influenced on J.J. Rousseau, Basedow, Salzman, and GutsMuts who advocated physical education as academic course and established modern physical education. The purpose of this study is to search effects of realsism on reforming modern physical education in west europe. The results were summarized as follow. 1. Realist emphasized real condition and educational methodology of interaction with human and nature. They advocated that mental and physical body health could be gained through the training. So, it introduced naturalism and discplinarianism to the modern physical education and prepared the base of building up the modern physical education 2. Realists thought health body was means of building up ones characteristic with knowledge. So, physical education could play on important part of education. 3. Pealists thought of healthy body became an important part of the military aims in European nationalism. 4. Realists claimed the way of rational thinking in education such as the necessity of experimentalism and laboratory study. So, it prepared the ideal base of setting up the modern formal gymnastics. 5. Realists clamed the necessity of recreation and educational methodology of motivation through interesting play. 6. Realists emphasized the safty of playground and the importance of environment, So it causes wider appreiciation of equipment and facilities to the modern physical education