KETAHANAN BEBERAPA AKSESI KAPAS TERHADAP HAMA PENGISAP DAUN Amrasca biguttula (ISHIDA)

ABSTRAKAmrasca biguttula (Ishida) adalah serangga hama pengisap daunyang sangat potensial menurunkan produktivitas kapas. Pengendaliannyasecara kimiawi menimbulkan banyak masalah lingkungan, sepertipencemaran dan peningkatan resistensi hama terhadap insektisida kimiasintetis. Salah satu solusi dalam masalah tersebut adalah penggunaanvarietas tahan (resisten) yang juga merupakan bagian dari pengendalianhama terpadu (PHT) pada kapas. Penelitian ketahanan beberapa aksesikapas terhadap A. biguttula (Ishida) dilakukan di Kebun Percobaan BalaiPenelitian Tanaman Tembakau dan Serat di Asembagus, Situbondo, mulaiJanuari hingga Desember 2006. Tujuannya adalah untuk mengetahuiketahanan beberapa aksesi kapas terhadap serangan hama pengisap daun,A. biguttula. Sebagai perlakuan adalah 30 aksesi kapas yang ditanamdalam plot berukuran 10 m x 3 m, dengan jarak tanam 100 cm x 25 cm,satu tanaman per lobang. Setiap aksesi disusun dalam rancangan acakkelompok dengan tiga kali ulangan. Parameter yang diamati adalah jumlahnimfa A. biguttula per daun, jumlah bulu daun per cm 2 luas daun, danposisi bulu terhadap lamina (tegak/rebah), serta skor kerusakan tanaman.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa setiap aksesi kapas berpotensiterserang A. biguttula, meskipun tingkat populasi hama ini tidakmenunjukkan perbedaan nyata antar aksesi. Terjadi korelasi negatif (R 2 =0,2425) antara jumlah bulu daun dan populasi nimfa A. biguttula danantara jumlah bulu daun dan skor kerusakan tanaman (R 2 = 0,2027).Berdasarkan jumlah bulu daun, aksesi kapas yang termasuk kategorisedikit berbulu dengan kriteria ketahanan sedikit tahan adalah: AC 134,Stoneville 7, Fai Nai, SHR, CRDI-1, Kanesia 5, Kanesia 8, dan Kanesia 9.Sedangkan aksesi lainnya termasuk kategori tidak berbulu dan pekaterhadap serangan A. biguttula.Kata kunci : Kapas, Gossypium hirsutum, aksesi, hama, Amrascabiguttula (Ishida), toleran, peka, kerusakan, Jawa TimurABSTRACTResistance of several cotton accessions to sucking insectpest, Amrasca biguttula (Ishida)Amrasca biguttula (Ishida) is a sucking insect pest which potentiallyreduces cotton productivity. Its chemical control often cause environ-mental problems mainly air pollution and increase of pest resistance tocertain chemical insecticides. One solution can be used to solve theseproblems is by using resistant variety that is also an integral part of theintegrated pest management (IPM). Study on the resistance of severalcotton accessions to sucking insect pest, Amrasca biguttula (Ishida) wasconducted at the Experimental Station of the Indonesian Tobacco andFiber Crops Research Institute (IToFCRI) in Asembagus, Situbondo, EastJava, from January to December 2006. The objective of the study was tofind out the resistance of cotton accessions to sucking insect pest. Thirtyaccessions of cotton were used as treatment and were planted in plots 10 mx 3 m with plant spacing 100 cm x 25 cm, one plant per hole. Eachaccession was arranged in a randomized block design with threereplications. Parameters observed were number of nymph of A. biguttula,number of leaf hair, leaf hairs position (erect or lie down), and score ofdamage. The result showed that every accession of cotton can be attackedby A. biguttula although the insect population was not significantlydifferent among accessions. There is negative correlation (R 2 = 0.2425)between number of leaf hair and population of A. biguttula and betweennumber of leaf hair and score of plant damage (R 2 = 0.2027). Accessionsthat categorized as lightly hairy and moderately resistant to A. biguttulawere AC 134, Stoneville 7, Fai Nai, SHR, CRDI-1, Kanesia 5, Kanesia 8,and Kanesia 9, while the others were categorized as glabrous andsusceptible to the sucking pest.Key words: Cotton, Gossypium hirsutum, accession, insect pest, Amrascabiguttula (Ishida), tolerant, sensitive, damage, East Ja