HUBUNGAN ANTARA KERAPATAN POPULASI KEPIK RENDA, Diconocoris hewetti (Dist) (HEMIPTERA : TINGIDAE) DAN KEHILANGAN HASIL PADA TANAMAN LADA

ABSTRAKKepik renda, Diconocoris hewetti (Dist) (Hemiptera : Tingidae)merupakan salah satu hama yang menyerang tanaman lada di Indonesia.Hama ini mengisap bunga lada, dan dapat menggagalkan pembuahan.Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan antara kerapatanpopulasi D. hewetti dan kerusakan bunga serta pembentukan buah padaberbagai fase bunga. Penelitian dilaksanakan di rumah kaca dan kebunpercobaan Petaling BPTP Kepulauan Bangka Belitung pada musim hujan(Nopember 2003 – Pebruari 2004). Penelitian rumah kaca menggunakanlada perdu varietas LDL umur ± 1 tahun. Kerapatan populasi nimfa instar5 dan imago masing-masing 0,1 dan 2 per tandan bunga masing-masingpada 3 fase bunga. Periode mengisap bunga selama 24 jam. Rancanganpercobaan yang digunakan adalah acak lengkap dengan pola faktorial dandiulang 5 kali. Percobaan lapangan menggunakan varietas LDL, umur ± 6tahun. Populasi imago 0, 1, 2, 3, dan 4 per 4 tandan bunga masing-masingpada 3 fase bunga. Periode mengisap bunga selama 72 jam. Untuk nimfamenggunakan kerapatan populasi 0, 1, 2, dan 3 per tandan. Pemaparanserangga selama 24 jam. Rancangan percobaan untuk nimfa menggunakanacak kelompok dengan pola faktorial dan diulang 5 kali, sedangkan untukimago juga menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok dengan pola faktorialdan diulang 6 kali. Parameter yang diamati adalah persentase kerusakanbunga, buah terbentuk, buah yang tidak terbentuk dan kehilangan hasil.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perbedaan yang nyata antara kerapatanpopulasi kepik renda dengan kerusakan bunga lada dan pembentukanbuah. Pada kerapatan 2 ekor nimfa maupun imago menunjukkankerusakan bunga dan kehilangan hasil yang paling tinggi. Kerusakanbunga dan pembentukan buah akibat serangan imago dan nimfa tidakmenunjukkan perbedaan yang nyata. Tingkat kerusakan bunga di rumahkaca antara 67,00–87,89%, sedangkan di lapangan antara 61,10–85,30%,disebabkan oleh imago kepik renda, dan 71,00-93,30% oleh nimfa.Kehilangan hasil di rumah kaca antara 55,07–83,04%, sedangkan dilapangan antara 35,30–82,89%, disebabkan oleh imago, sedangkan olehnimfa berkisar antara 73,24–89,05%. Tingkat kerusakan bunga lebih tinggipada fase 1 dan 2 dibandingkan dengan fase 3. Hasil penelitian inimemberikan indikasi bahwa serangan oleh satu ekor nimfa maupun imagokepik renda mengakibatkan kerusakan bunga minimal 61,10% dankehilangan hasil minimal 35,30%.Kata kunci : Lada, Piper nigrum, hama, Diconocoris hewetti, kerusakanbunga, kehilangan hasilABSTRACTRelationship between the population densities of blossomsucking lace bug Diconocoris hewetti (Dist) (Hemiptera;Tingidae) and yield losses on pepper plantationBlossom sucking lace bug, Diconocoris hewetti (Dist) (Hemiptera;Tingidae) is one of the pest insect attacking pepper in Indonesia. This pestinsect sucks pepper blossom liquid and disturb fruit formation. Theobjective of this experiment was to find out the relationship between thepopulation densities of blossom sucking lace bug, D. hewetti and flowerdamage, number of fruits formed and yield losses of pepper at variousflower phases. These studies were conducted in a green house and pepperplantation in the Institute of Assessment Agricultural Technology, BangkaBelitung Island during rainy season (November 2003 to February 2004).The green house research used bushy pepper more or less 1 year old. Thelace bug of the last instar or 5 th instar nymph and adult were used atpopulation density : 0, 1 and 2 insects/bunch in 3 blossom phasesrespectively. Feeding period of lace bug was 24 hours. Design of thisexperiment was completely randomized with factorial design and 5replications. Field study used LDL pepper variety with aged ± 6 years.The population densities of adult lace bug were: 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4 per 4bunches on 3 types of pepper blossom phases respectively. Feeding periodof lace bug was 72 hours. Field study also used last instar nymph withpopulation density : 0, 1, 2 and 3/bunch. Feeding period was 24 hours.Randomized block design with factorial and 5 replications were used oninstar nymph, while on the adult stadium randomized block design withfactorial and 6 replications were also used. The intensity of flowerdamage, fruits formed, fruits unformed and yield losses were counted. Theresult revealed that the number of fruits formed and yield losses weresignificantly different among population density of lace bug. Thepopulation densities of two lace bug caused higher flower damage andyield losses than other population densities. Flowers damage, fruitsformation and yield losses caused by nymph and adult were notsignificantly different. The level of flower damage in green houseobservation was between 67.00 – 87.89%, while in the field was between61.10 – 85.30% caused by adult, and 71.00 – 93.30% caused by nymph.Yield loss of pepper was 55.07 – 83.04% in the green house, while theyield losses in the field was 35.30 – 82.89% due to the attack of adult.Yield loss caused by nymph was 73.24 – 89.05%. The level of flowerdamage on phases 1 and 2 were higher than the flower damage of phase3. This research indicated that the attack of one adult or one nymph oflace bug, D. hewetti caused flower damage minimum 61.10% and yieldloss minimum 35.30%.Key words : Pepper, Piper nigrum, pest insect, Diconocoris hewetti,flower damage, yield los