KELAYAKAN USAHATANI JAGUNG DI SULAWESI SELATAN

ABSTRACT Feasibility Analysis of Maize Farming System in South Sulawesi Province. South Sulawesi is one of the maize central production in Indonesia. The study to investigate the characteristics and economic feasibility of the farmer practices was conducted in May-September 2012 in Jeneponto and Bone District which represent the dry land area and in Sidrap and North Luwu which represent the wetland area. The survey was conducted with the sample of 240 farmers. The data were collected on primary and secondary data. Primary data were collected through interviews and secondary data were collected from the relevant authorities. The data analyze were include of application of technology, productivity, economic analysis, and feasibility of crop farming. The result showed that the formal education of farmers were generally low, and the adoption of technologies of both in dry land and in paddy fields were also low. However, the human resource development through additional informal education will enhance for maize farming development in the areas. Farmers used the hybrid varieties, but amount of seeds was still less, plant spacing varies, and most farmers used the seeds from the previous crop. Fertilization was not balance, time and dose of fertilizer was incorrect, and fertilizer was not right for the land. Therefore, the productivity was still low, an average of 3.8 t/ha. The average net income received by farmers in dry land irrigated land respectively Rp3.3 million/ha and Rp4.7 million/ha or respectively with R/C average of 2.06 and 2.30. Therefore, corn farming can still be considered are feasible on dry land and irrigated land. Keywords: Maize, dry land, wetland, farming feasibility ABSTRAKSulawesi Selatan merupakan salah satu daerah sentra produksi jagung di Indonesia. Untuk mengetahui kelayakan usahatani jagung di wilayah tersebut, telah dilakukan penelitian pada bulan Mei–September 2012 di Kabupaten Jeneponto dan Bone mewakili lahan kering, Kabupaten Sidrap dan Luwu Utara mewakili lahan sawah. Penelitian menggunakan metode survei dengan pengambilan sampel secara random sampling sebanyak 240 sampel petani. Jenis data yang dikumpulkan ialah data primer dan sekunder. Data primer dikumpulkan melalui wawancara dan data sekunder dikumpulkan melalui informasi dari instansi terkait. Analisis data meliputi tingkat penerapan teknologi, produktivitas, dan analisis kelayakan usahatani. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa rendahnya pendidikan formal petani mengindikasikan adopsi teknologi baik di lahan kering mapun di lahan sawah belum optimal, dan membutuhkan pengembangan sumberdaya manusia melalui tambahan pendidikan informal untuk melengkapi pengalaman yang telah dimiliki. Walaupun tingkat pendidikan petani yang tergolong rendah, tetapi umur petani yang masih sangat produktif, dan pengalaman berusahatani selama ini, serta adanya upaya peningkatan keterampilan petani akan memberikan bagi peluang pengembangan budidya jagung khususnya di lokasi pengkajian. Budidaya jagung yang dilakukan petani di lahan kering dan lahan sawah irigasi belum optimal. Petani telah menggunakan varietas hibrida, tetapi benih yang digunakan masih kurang, jarak tanam bervariasi, dan sebagian petani masih menggunakan benih dari pertanaman sebelumnya. Pemupukan belum berimbang, waktu, dosis, dan jenis pupuk belum tepat. Sebagai akibat penerapan teknologi budidaya jagung yang belum optimal, produktivitas tergolong rendah, yaitu rata-rata 3,8 t/ha dan 4,5 t/ha masing-masing di lahan kering dan di lahan sawah. Rata-rata pendapatan bersih yang diterima petani pada lahan kering dan lahan sawah irigasi masing-masing Rp3,3 juta/ha dan Rp 4,7 juta/ha atau masing masing dengan R/C rata-rata 2,06 dan 2,30. Oleh karena itu usahatani jagung masih dapat dianggap layak di lahan kering maupun di lahan sawah irigasi. Kata kunci: Jagung, lahan kering, lahan sawah, kelayakan usahatan