Lime and marine clay as construction and land reclamation materials

With the announcement of the White Paper in early January this year, Singapore's population is projected to reach 6.9 million by year 2030 (Population.sg, 2013). Therefore, more reclamation and infrastructure development projects are required to cater for the increase in population. Singapore requires large quantity of sand to drive her booming construction industry as well as the long-standing land reclamation programme. Singapore's land area has grown to about 710 square kilometres from 580 square kilometres in the 1960s according to the Urban Redevelopment Authority (URA). The construction and land reclamation projects have increased the demand of sand and its cost has risen considerably throughout the years. It has been reported that the government agency JTC purchases sea sand from intermediary companies at US $26 per tonne, averaging on advertisements from Cambodian sand which was posted on the Alibaba global trade website. To meet demand, Singapore has to look for other alternatives. According to the minister of development Mr. Lim Swee Say Speech on 26 July 2002, large amount of soft marine clay is being excavated at construction sites every year. In his speech, he mentioned that Singapore can expect some 3 million cubic meters of marine clay to be excavated from various road and MRT construction projects (NEA). Therefore, this project aims to study the feasibility of using marine clay treated with lime to substitute fine aggregates in building and land reclamation materials.Bachelor of Engineering (Environmental Engineering