印尼华人 ：探讨与比较苏加诺和苏哈托的华人政策 = Chinese in Indonesia : a look and comparison of Sukarno and Suharto’s Chinese policies

二战后的印尼是东南亚华人数量最多 , 问题最严重的国家之一。谈到华人问题，某种程度上也牵扯到印尼政府所推行的华人政策。苏加诺和苏哈托可说是印尼独立后两位出色的印尼民族领袖，两者同样以民族主义的思想和同化政策为主来看待华人问题。在苏加诺就职期间，华人在政治方面可说是占有一席之地，苏加诺想借助华人的实力来推动印尼发展和民族统一。此外，苏加诺总统在外交政策上所采用了亲华政策也间接影响了当时政府的华人政策和华人。到了苏哈托上任后，华人丧失了政治地位，并与中华人民共和国断交关系。苏哈托消灭了印尼共产党而开始推行反共反华的种族主义政策。可见，华人问题是一直潜伏在印尼的重要问题。 本文将通过不同的层面来探讨苏加诺和苏哈托的华人政策。再来，本文希望通过这两位印尼领袖华人政策的主要内容和政策产生的各别因素来看待对当时印尼华人的影响。 Indonesia has been one of the countries in Southeast Asia that has been clouded with Anti-Chinese movements ever since its independence from World War 2. The Chinese problems in Indonesia have been heavily linked to the Chinese policies established by their national leaders from time to time. During Sukarno’s term as an Indonesian leader, his primary objective is to achieve national stability within the country by tapping on Chinese to national development. In addition, Sukarno’s pro-China stance in his foreign policy has also affected in his Chinese policies decision making. On the other hand, Suharto’s Chinese policies were deemed to be more aggressive than Sukarno which resulted in extreme measures taken when dealing with the Chinese in Indonesia during his reign. Hence, the Chinese problem is a pressing issue and has been revolving around Indonesia ever since its independence. Therefore, this paper aims to find out what are the characteristics and differences of Sukarno and Suharto’s Chinese policies, the factors that contributes to the formation of their Chinese policies and how their policies affect the Chinese during their term as Indonesia’s leaders. By doing so, this paper hopes to give new insights to future studies that explore the area of Chinese problem in Indonesia.Bachelor of Arts in Chines