PARASITE IN BEEHIVE - SMALL HIVE BEETLE

Mali kornjaš košnice dolazi iz Afrike. Jako je proširen u tropskim i suptropkim dijelovima Afrike ali ne čini velike štete jer su afričke pčele otporne i agresivne. Najveći problem kod kornjaša je taj što se brzo širi i množi što može dovesti do velike invazije na pčelinje zajednice. Prvi put u Europi pojavljuje se u jesen 2004. godine u Portugalu. Mali kornjaš se širi prometom paketnih pčela s drugih kontinenata, kupnjom matica sa zaraženih područja i uvozom voća ili zemlje. Za spriječavanje pojave ovog štetnika preporučuje se držanje izrazito jakih pčelinjih zajednica te česti pregled košnica. Također je potrebno napraviti male korekcije na vanjskom i unutarnjem dijelu košnice kako bi se odraslim kornjašima smanjila mogućnost ulaska u košnice. Ženke kornjaša razvijaju se iz oplođenih jajašaca, a muška iz neoplođenih. U zemlji se odija prelazak ličinke u kukuljicu te na kraju u odraslu jedinku. Razvojni ciklus od jajašca do odrasle jedinke traje oko 20-ak dana. Nakon toga ženke opet traže partnera te tako ponovno započinje novi ciklus razmnožavanja. Broj položenih jaja ovisi o količini dostupnih proteina kojim se odrasle jedinke hrane. Najučinkovitija klopka za kornjaša je “Izjelica Malog kornjaša” koja je korištena u Kanadi. Coumaphos je glavni pesticid koji se koristi u borbi s kornjašem.Small hive beetle is native in Africa. It is highly expanded in saharian and subsaharian parts of Africa but doesn't represent bigger threats to it's environment because african honey bee colonies are highly aggressive and imune to this insect. The biggest problem that comes with SHB is that it expands and reproduces quickly and that brings great danger for bee colonies. For the first time SHB was detected in autumn of 2004 in Portugal. It can expand by transportation – shipment of packages of bee hives from other continent, buying contaminated bee hives or importing fruits or soil. First case of SHB in our region was detected on October, 1st 2014 in north-west Croatia. To prevent its effects it is highly recommended to keep the bee hive colonies strong and to examine them as often as possible. It is also recommended making some changes outside as well as on the inside of the hive in order to prevent the SHB from entering. Female population of the SHB results from impregnated eggs and male population from the non impregnated ones. Inside the soil they expand from larvae into a grown unit. The evolution from the egg to the grown unit lasts up to 20 days. After that female again looks for the male and that is how the next evolution process begins. The number of rendered eggs depends on the quantity of available proteins necessary to feed the grown SHB. The most effective trap for the SHB is the 'SHB Eater' used in Canada. Coumaplos is the main pesticide used for fighting the SHB