PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY AND MEDICAL PROPERTIS OF HORSEBEAN (Vicia faba L.)

Bob je jednogodišnja zeljasta biljka, visoko prehrambenih i zdravstvenih svojstava, koja se koristi u prehrani ljudi i ishrani stoke. Pripada porodici lepirnjaĉa (Fabaceae). Korijen mu je dobro razvijen i uglavnom se nalazi u prvih 20 cm površinskog sloja tla, gdje ostvaruje simbiotski odnos s bakterijama roda Rhizobium, te tako obogaćuju tlo dušikom. Vegetativnom zelenom masom boba se vrši zelena gnojidba, koja se zaorana brzo razgraĊuje. Razlikuju se jesensko-zimski kultivari i proljetni. Jesensko-zimski se uglavnom uzgajaju za ishranu stoke, a proljetni za prehranu ljudi. Tijekom rasta i razvoja bob je izloţen velikom broju bolesti i štetnika. Utjecaj abiotiĉkih i biotiĉkih faktora izravno utjeĉe na prinos boba, no pomnim odabirom kultivara te pravilnim agrotehniĉkim mjerama obrade tla i njege usjeva smanjuje se utjecaj patogena koji mogu utjecati na kakvoću i koliĉinu uroda.Horse bean is annual loaf plant, with high dietary and health properties. Horse bean is used for human nutrition and livestock feed. It belongs to legume (Fabaceae ) family. The root is well developed and it mostly grows in the first 20 centimeters of surface layer of soil, where it achieves symbiotic relation with bacteria of Rhizobium genus, which is how horse bean enriches the soil with nitrogen. The green fertilization is carried with vegetative green mass of broad bean, and it degrades faster when ploughed. Cultivars differ concerning the growing season. There are autumn- winter and spring cultivars. Autumn-winter are mostly cultivated for livestock feed, and spring cultivars are used for human nutrition. During the growth and development, horse bean is exposed to great number of diseases and pests. The influence of abiotic and biotic factors affects the horse bean yield directly, but with careful selection, proper agro-technical measures of soil tillage and special care of the crops, horse bean reduces pathogen effects that can affect quality and crop amoun