Impact of sowing date and wheat cultivar on grain yield and yield components during 2018/2019

Cilj istraživanja bio je utvrditi prinos, komponente prinosa (broj klasova po m2, broj zrna na klasu i masu 1000 zrna) i neka morfološka i agronomska svojstva (visina biljke, dužina klasa, masa vlati, masa klasa, hektolitarsku masu) tri različite sorte ozime pšenice (Maja, Viktorija i Sofru) zasijane u tri različita roka sjetve (15. listopada, 30. listopada i 15. studenog 2018.). Također cilj je bio prikazati vremenske prilike tijekom vegetacije pšenice 2018./2019. i povezati ih s prinosima i drugim ispitivanim parametrima. Poljsko istraživanje provedeno je na OPG-Vidaković Marina u Strošincima u vegetacijskoj godini 2018./2019 u tri ponavljanja. Vremenske prilike tijekom 2018./2019. godine u pogledu količine oborina i temperatura su bile povoljne za uzgoj pšenice s relativno malim odstupanjima oborina i temperatura od višegodišnjeg prosjeka. Analizom varijance utvrđen je značajan utjecaj sorte, roka sjetve i njihovih međusobnih interakcija, odnosno ispitivane sorte međusobno su se razlikovale po prinosu, komponentama prinosa i ispitivanim parametrima. U vegetacijskoj godini 2018./2019. najbolja sorta za proizvođače u istočnom djelu Hrvatske prema većini ispitanih parametara bila je sorta Maja i to u prvom roku sjetve, a zatim sorta Sofru koja nije odstupala od vodeće sorte. Sorta Viktorija po većini komponenti prinosa i ispitivanih parametara postiže bolje rezultate u drugom i trećem roku što je i preporuka onim proizvođačima koji zakasne sa sjetvom u optimalnim agrotehničkim rokovima. Dobiveni rezultati ukazuju na mogućnost povećanja prinosa pravilnim odabirom sorti i ranijim rokovima sjetve.The aim of this study was to determine the yield, yield components (number of spikes per m2, number of grains per spike and 1000 kernel weight) and some morphological and agronomic traits (plant height, length, weight of the blades, weight class, test weight) of three different varieties of winter wheat (Maja, Viktorija i Sofru) sown in three different sowing dates (15/10/2018, 30/10/2018 and 15/11/2018). Also, the goal was to show the weather conditions during the vegetation period of wheat 2018/2019 with aspect of yield and others tested parameters. Field experiment was conducted on the family farm Vidakovic Marina in Strošinci in vegetation year 2018/2019 in three repetition. Weather during 2018/2019 in terms of rainfall and temperature were favourable for wheat cultivation with relatively small variations in rainfall and temperature from the long term mean. The analysis of variance revealed a significant influence of the variety, the sowing date and their interactions with each other. The varieties tested differed in yield, yield components and parameters tested. In the 2018/2019 growing season the best variety for producers in the eastern part of Croatia according to most of the parameters tested was the Maja variety in the first sowing period, followed by the Sofru variety, which did not deviate from the leading variety. The Victoria variety, by most yield components and parameters tested, achieves better results in the second and third terms, which is also a recommendation to those producers who are late in sowing in optimal agronomic terms. The results obtained indicate the possibility of increasing the yield by proper selection of varieties and earlier sowing dates