Microporpagation and acclimatization of olive (Olea europaea L.)

Maslina je jedna od najvažnijih voćnih vrsta na području Mediterana. Posljednjih godina zabilježen je trend povećanja površina pod intenzivnim nasadima masline u cijelom svijetu. Za većinu sorti masline mikropropagacija predstavlja vrlo brz i masivan način razmnožavanja. Istraživanje je provedeno u laboratoriju za kulturu biljnog tkiva u sklopu Katedre za voćarstvo, vinogradarstvo i vinarstvo, labaratorij za voćarstvo na Fakultetu agrobiotehničkih znanosti u Osijeku. Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je ispitati mogućnost uvođenja 4 kultivara masline (Leccino, Pendolino, Frantoio i Coratina) u kulturu tkiva modifikacijom hranjive podloge određenim vrstama citokinina i ispitati mogućnost aklimatizacije masline transferom eksplantata na supstrat (ex vitro). Korištena su tri tretmana citokinina (T1 - zeatin; T2 - kokosova voda + BAP 6 i T3 - tidiazuron + BAP) u indukciji izdanaka te jedan tretman s IBA u fazi rizogeneze ex vitro. Uspješnost proliferacije i sterilizacije kreće se u rasponu od 70 % do 93 %. Najbolji rezultati proliferacije dobiveni su pri upotrebi hormona zeatina i tidiazurona. Utvrđena je velika sortna varijabilnost u odgovoru na primijenjene tretmane. Eksplantati koji su bili pod utjecajem tretman s zeatinom (T1) u odnosu na ostale tretmane bez obzira na kultivar razvili su značajno veće izdanke, veći broj listova i multiplikaciju. Nakon 40 dana aklimatizacija se kretala od 25 do 60 %. Rezultati gore navedenog istraživanja pokazuju pozitivan učinak zeatina ali i kokosove vode kao izvora citokinina i nameću potrebu daljeg istraživanja u cilju određivanja optimalne koncentracije ili kombinacije.Olive is one of the most important fruit species in the Mediterranean area. In recent years’ trend was recorded of increasing areas under intensive olive orchards worldwide. For most olive varieties micropropagation is a very fast and massive way of propagation. Research was conducted at the Plant Tissue Culture Laboratory in Department of Pomology, Viticulture and Enology, Fruit Laboratory at the Faculty of Agrobiotechnical Sciences in Osijek. The aim of this study was to investigate possibility of introducing 4 olive cultivars (Leccino, Pendolino, Frantoio and Coratina) into tissue culture by modifying nutrient medium with certain types of cytokinins and to examine possibility of acclimatization by transfer explants to the substrate (ex vitro). Three cytokinin treatments (T1 - zeatin; T2 - coconut water + BAP 6 and T3 - thidiazuron + BAP) were used to induce shoots initiation and elongation and one treatment with IBA at rhizogenesis phase ex vitro. The success of proliferation and sterilization was 70% to 93%. The best proliferation results were obtained with use of hormones zeatin and thidiazuron. High varietal variability was found in response to the treatments applied. Explants under influenced by zeatin (T1) treatment compared to other treatments developed significantly larger shoots, higher leaf numbers, and multiplication. After 40 days’ acclimatization success was 25 to 60%. The results of this study show the positive effect of zeatin and coconut water as a source of cytokinins and impose need for further research to determine the optimal concentration and/or combination