MACROELEMENTS IN SOIL AND PLANTS

Razvoj poljoprivrednih znanosti od iznimnog je značaja za poljoprivrednu proizvodnju i cjelokupno stanovništvo Svijeta. Povećanjem broja stanovnika sukladno se povećava i potražnja za hranom, zbog čega se ulažu veliki napori u području poljoprivrednih znanosti. Cilj ovog rada bio je ukazati na značaj makroelemenata u biljci i tlu kao supstratu uzgoja bilja. Od potrebnih 17 elemenata za normalan rast i razvoj biljke, 9 elemenata (ugljik, kisik, vodik, dušik, sumpor, kalcij, kalij, magnezij i fosfor) pripada skupini makroelemenata, jer su biljci potrebni u većoj količini (>0,1%). Nedostatak ili suficit navedenih elemenata uzrokuje značajne promjene u metabolizmu biljke ali i svojstvima tla, jer svaki od njih ima određenu fiziološku ulogu u biljci i utječe na fizikalna, biološka i kemijska svojstva tla. Poznavanjem utjecaja makroelemenata na tlo i biljku moguće je racionalnije koristiti gnojidbu s ciljem ostvarivanja maksimalnih prinosa u poljoprivrednoj proizvodnji.The development of agricultural science is of utmost importance to agricultural production and the entire population of the world. As the number of inhabitants increased along with the demand for food, significant efforts have been made in the field of agricultural science. The aim of this study was to highlight the importance of macroelements in the plants and the soil as substrate for plant cultivation. From 17 elements necessary for normal growth and development of plants, 9 elements (carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, sulfur, calcium, potassium, magnesium and phosphorus) belong to the group of macroelements, because the plan requires them in large quantity (> 0.1 %). The lack or surplus of those elements causes significant changes in the metabolism of the plants as well as in the soil properties, because each of them has a specific physiological role in plants and affects the physical, biological and chemical properties of the soil. Knowing the impact of macroelements to the ground and plants, it is possible to rationally use the fertilization in order to achieve maximum yield in agricultural production