Analysis of the influence of weather conditions on yield and yield components of winter wheat varieties

Cilj rada bio je utvrditi prinos, komponente prinosa (broj klasova po m2, broj zrna po klasu i masu 1000 zrna) i neka morfološka svojstva (visinu biljke, dužinu klasa, masu vlati, masu klasa, hektolitarsku masu, vlagu zrna) osam različitih sorti ozime pšenice (Kraljica, Tika Taka, Tata Mata, Srpanjka, Viktorija, Maja, BC Anica, Sofru) te prikazati vremenske prilike tijekom vegetacije pšenice 2018./2019. i povezati s prinosima i drugim ispitivanim parametrima. Korišteni su podatci mjesečnih količina oborina (mm) i podatci srednjih mjesečnih temperatura zraka (°C) tijekom vegetacije pšenice 2018./2019. te višegodišnji prosjeci od 1961. do 1990. godine. Provedenim istraživanjem je utvrđeno da su vremenske prilike tijekom vegetacije pšenice 2018./2019. bile relativno povoljne za uzgoj pšenice iako je došlo do odstupanja u količini oborina u odnosu na višegodišnji prosjek, dok su temperature u prosjeku bile više za 2° C. Tijekom zimskih mjeseci u promatranom je razdoblju pala znatno manja količina oborina te je zima bila blaga što je povoljno utjecalo na razvoj pšenice i omogućilo dobivanje visokih prinosa. Analizom je utvrđen statistički značajan utjecaj sorte na prinos i na sve komponente prinosa. Analizom je također utvrđeno da vremenske prilike imaju utjecaj na prinose i komponente prinosa. Po pitanju prinosa sorta Tata Mata je ostvarila najbolje rezultate, a sorte Viktorija i Srpanjka najslabije. Sorta Tika Taka imala je najveću visinu stabljike, masu vlati, dužinu klasa, masu klasa te broj zrna u klasu. Sorte BC Anica, Tika Taka i Kraljica ostvarile su visoke prinose koji se nisu statistički značajnije razlikovali. Sorta Sofru je ostvarila najmanji postotak vlage zrna. Sorta Maja je ostvarila nešto slabiji prinos, dok se po drugim komponentama prinosa nije statistički značajnije razlikovala od ostalih sorti. Srpanjka je najniža sorta u ovom istraživanju.Research goals of this study was to determine the yield, yield components (number of classes per m2, number of grains per class and weight of 1000 grains) and some morphological characheristics (plant height, class lenght, mass of classes, hectolitre mass, grain moisture) of eight different varieties of winter wheat (Kraljica, Tika Taka, Tata Mata, Srpanjka, Viktorija, Maja, BC Anica, Sofru) and show weather conditions during the 2018./2019. wheat vegetation and correlate with yields and other tested parameters. Monthly rainfall data (mm) and mean monthly air temperature (° C) data were used during wheat vegetation 2018./2019. Monthly rainfall data and mean monthly air temperature data for the period 1961. to 1990. were used to compare the vegetation year examined with the perennial average. The analysis showed that wheater conditions during the 2018./2019. wheat vegetation were relatively favorable for wheat cultivation. There where significant variations in precipitation, compared to the perennial average, and temperatures averaged 2° C. During the winter months there was a much smaller rainfall and winter was mild which was favorably affected wheat development and enabled high yields to be obtained. The analysis established a statistically significant impact of the variety on the yield and statistically significant influence of the variety on all components of the yield. The analysis also showed that weather has a significant impact on yield and yield components. In terms of yield, the Tata Mata variety achieved the best results and the Viktorija and Srpanjka varieties performed the worst. The Tika Taka variety had the highest stem height, bush weight, class lenght, class mass and number of grains per class. BC Anica, Tika Taka and Kraljica varieties achieved high yields that did not differ significantly. The Sofru variety achieved the lowest percentage of grain moisture. The Maja cultivar produces a slightly lower yield, while it did not differ significantly from other cultivars in other yield components. Srpanjka is also the lowest variety in the study