The HERMES polarized hydrogen and deuterium gas target in the HERA electron storage ring
- Airapetian, A.
- Akopov, N.
- Bailey, P.
- Mao, Y.
- Marianski, B.
- Marukian, H.
- Mexner, V.
- Meyners, N.
- Mussa, R.
- Miklukho, O.
- Miller, C. A.
- Miyachi, Y.
- Muccifora, V.
- Balin, D.
- Nagaitsev, A.
- Nappi, E.
- Naryshkin, Yu.
- Nass, A.
- Negodaev, M.
- Nowak, W. D.
- Oganesian, K.
- Ohsuga, H.
- Osborne, A.
- Pickert, N.
- Baumgarten, C.
- Potterveld, David H.
- Raithel, M.
- Reggiani, D.
- Reimer, P. E.
- Reischl, A.
- Reolon, A. R.
- Riedl, C.
- Rith, K.
- Rosner, G.
- Rostomian, A.
- Beckmann, M.
- Rubacek, L.
- Rubin, J.
- Ryckbosch, D.
- Salomatin, Y.
- Sanjev, I.
- Savin, Igor A.
- Schill, C.
- Schnell, G.
- Schuler, K. P.
- Seele, J.
- Belostotsky, S.
- Seidl, R.
- Seitz, B.
- Shanidze, R.
- Shearer, C.
- Shibata, T. A.
- Shutov, V.
- Sinram, K.
- Sommer, W.
- Stancari, M.
- Statera, M.
- Bianchi, N.
- Steffens, E.
- Steijger, J. J. M.
- Stenzel, H.
- Stewart, J.
- Stinzing, F.
- Tait, P.
- Tanaka, H.
- Taroian, S.
- Chuiko, B.
- Terkulov, A.
- Blok, H. P.
- Trzcinski, A.
- Tytgat, M.
- Vandenbroucke, A.
- van der Nat, P.
- van der Steenhoven, G.
- van Haarlem, Y.
- Vetterli, M. C.
- Vikhrov, V.
- Vincter, M. G.
- Vogel, C.
- Bottcher, H.
- Volmer, J.
- Wang, S.
- Wendland, J.
- Wilbert, J.
- Wise, T.
- Ybeles Smit, G.
- Ye, Y.
- Ye, Z.
- Yen, S.
- Zihlmann, B.
- Borisov, A.
- Zupranski, P.
- HERMES Collaboration
- Borisenko, A.
- Akopov, Z.
- Bouwhuis, M.
- Braun, B.
- Brull, A.
- Bryzgalov, V.
- Capitani, G. P.
- Capiluppi, M.
- Chen, T.
- Ciullo, G.
- Contalbrigo, M.
- Court, G.
- Amarian, M.
- Dalpiaz, P. F.
- De Leo, R.
- Demey, M.
- De Nardo, L.
- De Sanctis, E.
- Devitsin, E.
- Di Nezza, P.
- Duren, M.
- Ehrenfried, M.
- Elalaoui-Moulay, A.
- Andrus, A.
- Elbakian, G.
- Ellinghaus, F.
- Elschenbroich, U.
- Fabbri, R.
- Fantoni, A.
- Feshchenko, A.
- Felawka, L.
- Frullani, S.
- Gapienko, G.
- Gapienko, V.
- Aschenauer, E. C.
- Garibaldi, F.
- Garrow, K.
- Gavrilov, G.
- Gharibyan, V.
- Graw, G.
- Grebenyuk, O.
- Gregor, I. M.
- Hadjidakis, C.
- Haeberli, W.
- Hafidi, K.
- Augustyniak, W.
- Hartig, M.
- Hasch, D.
- Heesbeen, D.
- Henoch, M.
- Hertenberger, R.
- Hesselink, W. H. A.
- Hillenbrand, A.
- Hoek, M.
- Holler, Y.
- Hommez, B.
- Avakian, R.
- Hristova, I.
- Yarygin, G.
- Ivanilov, A.
- Izotov, A.
- Jackson, H. E.
- Jgoun, A.
- Kaiser, R.
- Kinney, E.
- Kiselev, A.
- Kobayashi, T.
- Avetisian, A.
- Koch, N.
- Kolster, H.
- Kopytin, M.
- Korotkov, V.
- Kozlov, V.
- Krauss, B.
- Krivokhizhin, V. G.
- Lagamba, L.
- Lapikas, Louk
- Laziev, A.
- Avetisian, E.
- Lenisa, P.
- Liebing, P.
- Linden-Levy, L. A.
- Lorenzon, W.
- Lu, H.
- Lu, J.
- Lu, S.
- Ma, B. Q.
- Maiheu, B.
- Makins, N. C. R.
DOIAbstract
The HERMES hydrogen and deuterium nuclear-polarized gas targets have been in use since 1996 with the polarized electron beam of HERA at DESY to study the spin structure of the nucleon. Polarized atoms from a Stern-Gerlach Atomic Beam Source are injected into a storage cell internal to the HERA electron ring. Atoms diffusing from the center of the storage cell into a side tube are analyzed to determine the atomic fraction and the atomic polarizations. The atoms have a nuclear polarization, the axis of which is defined by an external magnetic holding field. The holding field was longitudinal during 1996-2000, and was changed to transverse in 2001. The design of the target is described, the method for analyzing the target polarization is outli...
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