In-situ studies of catalysts by XAFS and Mössbauer spectroscopy

The unique advantages of XAFS and Mössbauer spectioscopy applied to studies of catalysts are discussed. These advantages include the importantin situ capability, as well as the possibility to provide information on X-ray amorphous materials. The successful use of the two techniques is demonstrated by examples of two important technical catalyst systems, hydrotreating and ammonia synthesis catalysts, representing supported and unsupported catalysts