The community dimension as a factor to prevent school dropout

El objetivo del estudio se ha orientado hacia la identificación de los factores de riesgo que generan el abandono escolar de los jóvenes desde una perspectiva comunitaria. Hemos profundizado en el epicentro escolar y su tejido en la comunidad, como instrumento para abordar y superar dichos factores. La finalidad del estudio ha sido descubrir las condiciones que favorecen la retención de éstos jóvenes en los centros escolares. Desde un metodología etnográfica se han analizado un total de 38 entrevistas a jóvenes en la etapa educativa de educación secundaria obligatoria (17 entrevistas sobre la trayectoria académica para el acceso a los estudios, 14 entrevistas sobre permanencia en referencia a las dificultades de estudio, y 7 entrevistas sobre el egreso y las expectativas futuras) y el análisis de documentos pertinentes para evaluar la problemática del abandono escolar temprano desde una dimensión comunitaria. Los resultados sugieren, que la existencia de bajas expectativas educativas, la falta de medidas de apoyo y la orientación escolar, sean abordadas conjuntamente entre centros educativos y organizaciones educativas de la comunidad, como estrategia para reducir el abandono. La reciprocidad de los jóvenes de bajas expectativas con una organización educativa de base comunitaria, supone un apoyo imprescindible para contribuir hacia el egreso y la formación.The aim of this survey has been directed towards identifying risk factors that generate youth dropouts from a community perspective. We have analysed in depth the fabric and role of the school in the community as an instrument to address and overcome these factors. The purpose of this research was to discover the conditions that favour the retention of young people at school. From an ethnographic methodology we have analysed a total of 38 interviews with young people at the stage of compulsory secondary education (17 interviews on the academic path to educational access, 14 interviews on continuity with reference to educational difficulties, and 7 interviews on graduation and future expectations) and reviewed relevant documents to assess the problem of early school leavers from a community dimension. In this regard we have identified the risk factors that place these young people outside the compulsory education system and prevent them from staying in the system. The results suggest that the existence of low educational expectations, the lack of mechanisms of support and scholastic guidance need to be tackled jointly by educational centres and community educational organisations as a strategy in order to reduce dropouts. The feedback of young people with low expectations with a community-based educational organization is an essential support to contribute to egress and training