¿Juegan las instituciones un rol en la perpetración de la tortura?

This text is based on the dissertation conducted by Claudia Andrea Reyes Quilodran, entitled "The main factors that could determine the behavior of a torturer" (2009), submitted at the Washington State University to obtein the degree of PhDoctor of Political Science. The author has continued working on this subject, expanding content and updating bibliography for the preparation of this papers.During the late 1960s and early 1970s, most Latin American countries experienced military coups and military interventions in government affairs. In Chile, the military coup of 1973 established a military regime that lasted seventeen years, from 1973 to 1990. As a result of the military dictatorship thousands of people were killed, disappeared and/or tortured. This study examines the influence of the institutional framework on the occurrence of torture and the behavior of torturers. Perpetrators of torture are the main source of information. Depth interviews were conducted with Chilean military and policemen who were active during the military regime, National Reports and judicial files were analyzed. The study traces the realities that a group within in the military regime faced and examines the ways in which participants attempted to cope with the criminal behavior that was encouraged by the institutional framework.A fines de los años sesenta y principios de los setenta, la mayoría de los países latinoamericanos sufrieron golpes de Estado e intervenciones militares en asuntos gubernamentales. En Chile, el golpe militar de 1973 estableció un régimen militar que duró diecisiete años, de 1973 a 1990. Como resultado de la dictadura militar, miles de personas murieron, desaparecieron y/o fueron torturadas. Este estudio examina la influencia del marco institucional sobre la ocurrencia de torturas y el comportamiento de los torturadores. Los autores de torturas son la principal fuente de información. Se realizaron entrevistas en profundidad con militares chilenos y policías que estuvieron activos durante el régimen militar, se analizaron informes nacionales y expedientes judiciales. El estudio analiza las realidades que enfrentó un grupo de individuos durante el régimen militar y examina las formas en que los participantes intentaron manejar el comportamiento criminal mientras eran alentados por el marco institucional