: The Development of Ottoman Journalism in the Period of Europeanisation

U ovom je radu opisano osmansko novinarstvo perioda europeizacije. Osmansko se novinarstvo pojavilo 1831. godine pokretanjem prvih službenih novina u Carstvu, Takvim-i Vekayi. Uzor i model po kojem su nastale Takvim-i Vekayi bile su francuske publikacije objavljivane u Istanbulu i Izmiru. Tijekom prvih 30 godina osmanskog novinarstva postojale su samo službene novine koje su se objavljivale u skladu sa željama vlasti. Međutim, 1860. godine se situacija promijenila jer se pojavila skupina intelektualaca koja je počela propitivati i kritizirati osmanske vlasti. Novine su u tom periodu također dobile edukativnu ulogu i postale su platforma za širenje liberalnih, europskih ideja. Vladavina sultana Abdülhamida II. (1876.-1909.) označila je početak novog perioda u kojem je jačala cenzura. Cenzura je zaustavila razvoj kritičke publicistike započet u drugoj fazi, te su novine još jednom postale oruđe u rukama vlasti. Međutim, nisu sve novine bile oruđe osmanskih vlasti, već se većina okrenula k drugim temama poput književnosti i znanosti.Ottoman journlism of the period of Europeanisation is described in this thesis. Ottoman journalism emerged in 1831 when the first official newspaper of the Empire, Takvim-i Vekayi, was published. The model by which Takvim-i Vekayi was made were French publications published in Istanbul and Izmir. During the first 30 years of Ottoman journalism there were only official newspapers that were published in accordance with the wishes of the authorities. However, in 1860 the situation changed because a group of intellectuals appeared and they started to question and criticize the Ottoman authorities. The newspapers also gained an educative role in that period and became a platform for spreading liberal, European ideas. The rule of Sultan Abdulhamid II. (1876-1909) marked the beginning of a new period in which censorship increased. Censorship stopped the development of opinion journalism that began in the second phase and the newspapers once again became tools in the hands of the authorities. However, not all newspapers were the tools of Ottoman authorities, but most turned to other topics such as literature and science