Socioekonomski razvoj trgovišta Krapina u 17. stoljeću

U ovom radu nastoje se istražiti različite sfere društvene stvarnosti i njihova međusobna povezanost u trgovištu Krapina u 17. st. Temeljeći se većim dijelom na neobjavljenim i dosad rijetko korištenim izvorima, zapisnicima krapinske gradske uprave, analitički model i struktura rada prilagođeni su mogućnostima koje su ti izvori pružali. Krapina je bila naselje koje je steklo povlašteni položaj u 14. st., no nije imala status slobodnog kraljevskog grada, već poveljnog trgovišta. To je značilo da se nalazi pod vlašću vlastelinstva i da je s njim u uskoj vezi. Upravo je to bio uzrok pravne borbe na prijelazu 16. u 17. st., koja je bila presudna za cjelokupni daljnji razvoj trgovišta. Njezino uspješno okončanje omogućilo je ekonomski i demografski napredak koji je započeo i ranije. Iako su brojčani podaci o stanovništvu krajnje površni, vidljivo je da je broj obitelji u trgovištu kontinuirano rastao tijekom čitavog 17. st. Taj je rast morao biti praćen doseljavanjem, no nisu poznati pravci migracijskih kretanja zbog nedostatka izvora. Ekonomija trgovišta počivala je na godišnjim sajmovima, na kojima su dominirali poljoprivredni proizvodi. Uz njih se trgovina obavljala i u dućanima, a nije isključeno ni postojanje dnevne ili tjedne tržnice. U trgovištu su bili razvijeni i obrti, no o njima nema previše podataka. Poznato je, međutim, da su kamenari i tkalci činili brojčano značajnije grupacije obrtnika. Ipak, većina stanovništva bavila se nekim oblikom poljoprivrede. Svakako je najizraženiju ulogu imalo vinogradarstvo, čija struktura upućuje na postojanje specijalizirane poljoprivredne proizvodnje. Socijalna dinamika u Krapini u 17. st. korespondirala je sa situacijom u europskim gradovima općenito. Sukobi, kršenja normi i devijantna ponašanja predstavljali su glavnu prepreku mirnom suživotu, no postojali su mehanizmi kojima se to rješavalo. Disciplina je zasigurno bila razvijena budući da nije bilo policijskih organa koji bi brinuli o čuvanju reda i mira. Također, društvena stratifikacija i postojanje upravne oligarhije ukazuju na prisutnost kompleksnih društvenih struktura i procesa karakterističnih za urbane sredine. Stoga se Krapina doista može klasificirati kao gradsko naselje, unatoč postojanju elemenata ruralnosti, a što je u većoj ili manjoj mjeri bio slučaj u gotovo svim gradovima predmoderne Europe.The goal of this master's thesis is to explore different spheres of social reality and their mutual connection in the market town Krapina in 17th century. Based primarily on unpublished and until now rarely used sources, records of Krapina municipal government, the analitical model and the structure of the thesis have been adapted to the possibilities which the sources offer. Krapina was a settlement that had obtained the privileged status in 14th century, but it didn't have a status of the free royal town, but of a chartered market town. This meant that it was subjected to the rule of the seigniory and that they were closely connected. And that was the main cause of the legal struggle in the end of 16th and the begining of 17th century, which was essential for the further overall development of the town. The successful termination of that struggle enabled the economic and demographic growth that had started earlier. Even though the numerical data on the inhabitants are fairly superficial, it is obvious that the number of families in the town continued to grow throughout the entire 17th century. That growth had to be followed by immigration, but directions of migrational movements are unknown due to the lack of sources. The town's economy rested upon yearly fairs, where the domination of the agricultural products can be noted. Alongside fairs, the commerce took place in stores and there was possibly a daily or weekly market. Handcrafts were also present in Krapina, but there isn't much data on them. It is known, however, that stonemasons and weavers made larger groups of craftsmen. But most of the dwellers were engaged in some form of the agriculture. Vinegrowing played the most significant role, and it's structure indicates the existance of the specialized agricultural production. Social dynamics in Krapina in 17th century corresponded with the situation in european towns in general. Conflicts, violations of norms and deviant behaviours represented the main obstacle to the peaceful cohabitation, but there were mechanisms in place to solve them. Discipline was surely developed, since there was no police to take care of peace and order. Also, social stratification and the existance of the municipal oligarchy indicate the presence of complex social structures and processses characteristic for urban areas. Therefore Krapina can be classified as a town settlement, despite the existence of elements of rurality, which was more or less the case of almost all towns of premodern Europe