Socijetalne dimenzije samoubilačkog terorizma

Predmet proučavanja ovoga rada predstavlja odnos samoubojstva kao terorističkog akta i društva kao motivacijskog mehanizma koji kanalizira samoubilačko djelovanje. Uz pomoć Durkheimovih argumenata o društvenom utjecaju na samoubojstva, pokušali smo razviti kritički sociološki okvir za postizanje boljeg razumijevanja modernog samoubilačkog terorizma i njegove korespondencije s društvom. Samoubilački terorizam je u stalnom porastu od početka osamdesetih godina prošlog stoljeća. Obuhvaća napad u kojemu, kako bi isti uspio, napadač mora poginuti počinivši pritom određenu ljudsku i materijalnu štetu. Samoubilački terorizam se odvija unutar obrnutih strukturalnih uvjeta međunarodnog pritiska slabijih aktera na metu koja je snažniji akter, čime se pridobivaju pristaše i vrši pritisak na političke oponente. U radu smo pokušali pokazati racionalnost i društvenu uvjetovanost samoubilačkog terorizma kroz analizu pet terorističkih organizacija: Hezbolaha, Hamasa, Al Qa'ide, Oslobodilačkih tigrova tamilske domovine i čečenskih separatista. Rezultati su pokazali kako je samoubilački terorizam metoda djelovanja unutar asimetričnog sukoba, kako religija ne predstavlja osnovni pokretački mehanizam samoubilačkog terorizma te da ne postoji dihotomija između starog i novog terorizma, već je on samo evoluiranjem adaptirao modus operandi trenutnoj društvenoj okolini.The key issue of this thesis represents the relationship between suicide as a terrorist act and society as a motivating mechanism which canalizes suicidal actions. With the help of Durkheim’s arguments about social influence on suicide, we tried to develop critical sociological framework in order to acquire better understanding of modern suicide terrorism and its correspondence with the society. Suicide terrorism has been growing since the beginning of the eighties of the last century. It includes an attack in which an attacker has to die causing certain human or material losses in order for the attack to be successful. Suicide terrorism occurs under the reverse structural conditions of international pressure where the coercer is the weaker actor and the target is the stronger, this way they acquire supporters and perform pressure on the political opponents. The thesis was meant to demonstrate the rationality and social conditionality of suicide terrorism through analysis of five terrorist organizations: Hezbollah, Hamas, Al Qa’ida, Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam and Chechen separatists. The results have shown how suicide terrorism constitute a method of action inside the asymmetric conflict, how religion does not represent the main actuating mechanism for suicide terrorism and that there is no dichotomy between old and new terrorism, but it has only evolved through adapting its modus operandi to the current social surrounding