Band alignment in $LaAlO_{3}/SrTiO_{3}$ oxide heterostructures inferred from hard x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy

We present a detailed study of the electronic structure and band alignment in LaAlO3/SrTiO3 oxide heterostructures by hard x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Our spectroscopic measurements find no evidence for the strong potential gradient within the polar LaAlO3 film predicted by band theory. Due to the high interface sensitivity of the method, we are further able to determine the valence band offset between the LaAlO3 film and the SrTiO3 substrate, which is found to be independent of the number of LAO overlayers. Finally, we discuss several explanations for the apparent absence of the built-in field in ex situ prepared LaAlO3/SrTiO3 heterostructures