The Electron Distribution in HERA and the Consequences for the H1 Detector after the Luminosity Upgrade

The collision of both beams in the HERA storage ring is performed by the guidance of the electron beam to the proton beam. Thereby synchrotron radiation is generated in the bending and focussing magnets. In order to avoid a deterioration of the data accumulation by the radiation background, the experiments are protected from the synchrotron radiation by collimators which are installed in front of and behind the detectors. Since after the luminosity upgrade, a collimation of the synchrotron radiation in front of the experiments will no longer be possible, the detectors have to be designed such, that the direct synchrotron radiation fan passes through the detectors. The first part of this thesis is concerned with the design of a suitable central beam pipe and collimation system for the Hl detector. The photons on the edge of the radiation fan are emitted by the electrons in the tails of the electron distribution. Therefore the knowledge of the electron distribution in HERA is for the design of the central beam pipe and collimation system of H1 detector very important. The investigation of the electron tails in HERA is the second topic of this work. For these investigations tail scan experiments were carried out with several optics and with and without the beam-beam- interaction. The core of the electron distribution was always a Gaussian until about six standard deviations, whereas the tails were non Gaussian. The non Gaussian tails can be explained by the combined effects of scattering processes and nonlinear forces. The influence of the scattering processes on the electron tails was investigated analytically. Simulation programs were used to investigate the influence of the nonlinear forces on the tails