Avaliação do consumo de bactérias pelo zooplâncton em um reservatório eutrófico raso (Reservatório do Monjolinho São Carlos SP)

Bacteria, found in terrestrial and aquatic environments, besides their important role in organic matter decomposition and nutrient cycling, are a food source for organisms of the higher trophic levels in the food chain, such as protozooplanktonic and metazooplanktonic organisms. This study aimed to evaluate the relative importance of protozooplanktonic (ciliates and heterotrophic nanoflagellates) and metazooplanktonic organisms (rotifers, cladocerans and copepods) as bacterial consumers throughout a year, which included a rainy and a dry season, in a eutrophic environment (Monjolinho reservoir-SP) by quantifying their ingestion rates. For this purpose, grazing experiments were carried out bimonthly during one year at the sub-surface of a central station of the reservoir using fluorescently labeled bacteria (FLB) dyed with DTAF. In each survey, besides the experiments, limnological (pH, dissolved oxygen, temperature, conductivity, water transparency and nutrients) and biological (chlorophyll-a and phaeophytin concentrations, bacterioplankton, protozooplankton and metazooplankton density) water parameters were also sampled. The heterotrophic nanoflagellates (HNF) showed higher population ingestion rates than the ciliates in dry and rainy seasons, and the HNF smaller than 5μm were the main consumers of bacteria. Among the metazooplanktonic organisms, the rotifers dominated the bacterial ingestion, and the organisms belonging to the genus Filinia and Keratella and to the families Testudinellidae and Brachionidae were the main bacterial consumers. Besides ingesting bacteria, however, protozoa and rotifers population also seemed to be controlled by cladocerans and copepods predation, which, in turn, seemed to be regulated by predation of larger organisms, such as small vertebrates. Thus, the predation control (top-down) occured both on bacterial communities and protozooplanktonic and metazooplanktnic communities and bacteria were regulated both by direct and indirect predation of zooplanktonic population. The resources control (bottom-up) semmed to be higher during the dry season, while in the rainy season bacterial communities were more controlled by predation. The greatest impact on bacterial communities was caused by HNF and ciliates during the rainy season and by HNF and rotifers during the dry one.Universidade Federal de Minas GeraisAs bacterias, encontradas em ambientes terrestres e aquaticos, alem de possuirem importante papel na decomposicao da materia organica e na ciclagem de nutrientes, sao fonte de alimento para organismos de niveis troficos superiores, tais como protozoarios e organismos do metazooplancton. O presente trabalho avaliou a importancia relativa de organismos protozooplanctonicos e metazooplanctonicos (rotiferos, cladoceros e copepodes) como consumidores de bacterias em um ambiente eutrofico (Reservatorio do Monjolinho-SP) pela quantificacao das taxas de consumo durante o periodo de um ano, que englobou uma estacao seca e uma chuvosa. Para isso, na superficie de um ponto central no reservatorio, foram realizados experimentos de bacterivoria (grazing) bimestralmente durante um ano, utilizando bacterias marcadas fluorescentemente (FLB) com o corante DTAF. Nos dias dos experimentos foram tambem analisados parametros limnologicos (pH, oxigenio dissolvido, temperatura, condutividade, transparencia da agua, e nutrientes) e biologicos (concentracoes de clorofila-a e feofitina, densidade do bacterioplancton, protozooplancton e metazooplancton). Os nanoflagleados heterotroficos (NFH), quando comparados aos ciliados, apresentaram maiores taxas populacionais de ingestao de bacterias tanto no periodo seco quanto no chuvoso, sendo os NFH menores que 5 μm os maiores consumidores de bacterias. Dentre os organismos metazooplanctonicos, os rotiferos dominaram o consumo de bacterias, sendo os representantes dos generos Filinia e Keratella e das familias Testudinellidae e Brachionidae os maiores consumidores de bacteria. Os dados obtidos indicaram que, alem de predadores de bacterias, as populacoes de protozoarios e rotiferos pareceram ser reguladas pela predacao de cladoceros e copepodes, os quais, por sua vez, parecem sofrer pressao de predacao por organismos maiores, como provavelmente pequenos vertebrados. Assim, o controle por predacao (top-down) ocorreu tanto sobre as comunidades bacterianas quanto sobre as protozooplanctonicas e metazooplanctonicas, sendo as comunidades bacterianas reguladas tanto pela predacao direta quanto indireta das populacoes zooplanctonicas. O controle por disponibilidade de recursos (bottom-up) pareceu ter maior influencia no reservatorio no periodo seco, enquanto no periodo chuvoso, as comunidades bacterianas pareceram mais controladas por predacao, sendo que maiores impactos sobre as comunidades bacterianas foram causados pelos NFH e ciliados no periodo chuvoso, e pelos NFH e rotiferos no periodo seco