Profil kesehatan gigi anak pra-sekolah di kota Yogyakarta

Karies maih menjadi masalah utama kesehatan gigi di negara-negara di seluruh dunia. Di negara-negara yang sedang berkembang, seperti halnya Indonesia, seringkali karies dibiarkan tanpa perawatan. Target global WHO tahun 2000 untuk anak-anak umur 5-6 tahun sebanyak 50% bebas karies. Tampaknya target ini masih terasa sulit bagi Indonesia, lagipula data karies gigi di Indonesia juga masih kurang memadai. Kondisi demografi yang sangat heterogen membuat sangat bervariasinya data dari satu tempat ke tempat lainnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh data tentang profil kesehatan gigi anak-anak pra-sekolah di kota Yogyakarta. Data karies gigi diambil pada tahun 2002 dari 3160 anak-anak pra-sekolah berasal dari 37 sekolah taman kanak-kanak di kota Yogyakarta. Subyek berumur 3-6 tahun, 1648 laki-Iaki dan 1512 perempuan. Pemerisaan dilakukan oleh 4 orang peneliti yang telah dikalibrasi sebelumnya menggunakan kaca mulut dan sonde dengan penerangan sinar matahari. Skoring karies menggunakan standar WHO tahun 1987. Tingkat keparahan karies ditentukan berdasarkan kriteria Health Policy Bureau, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Jepang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan prevalensi karies sebesar 84.1% dengan deft rata-rata 5.80. Hampir semua karies tersebut (99.77%) tidak dirawat. Bahkan pada subyek kelompok umur 3 tahun 10% telah menderita abses dan tinggal akar gigi. Tampaknya karies telah mulai berkembang sejak anak umur sangat dini. Bisa disimpulkan bahwa profil kesehatan gigi anak pra-sekolah di kota Yogyakarta masih memprihatinkan. Maj. Ked. Gi. 200613(2):131-136 Dental caries remains a major oral health problem in all of countries in the world. In developing countries, such as Indonesia carious teeth are often left untreated. The global targets of WHO for 5-6 year-old 50% caries free by the year 2000 is seemed very hard for Indonesian. It is still not enough adequate data of dental caries in Indonesia, more over the heterogenic demography of Indonesia made the data vary in different parts of Indonesia. The aim of this research is to obtain the data profile of oral health of preschool children in urban area of Yogyakarta. The data were taken from 3160 preschool children of 37 kindergartens in Yogyakarta city in the year 2002. The subjects were in aged 3-6 year-old, 1648 males and 1512 females. Examinations were conducted by 4 calibrated examiners using a mirror and explorer with illumination of sunlight. Dental caries were scored using WHO guideline. The severity of caries was assessed in accordance with criteria of Health Policy Bureau, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Japan. It was found that the caries prevalence was 84. 1% with deft mean 5.80. Most of those caries were left untreated. Ten percents of 3 year-old group children had suffered from gingival abscess and C4 caries (root remaining). It was seemed caries had developed since in very young aged. It may be concluded that dental health profile of the preschool children is apprehensive and need some efforts to improve it. Maj. Ked. Gi. 200613(2):131-13