Bakteri antagonis sebagai probiotik untuk pengendalian hayati pada aquakultur

Abstract The objective of this paper was to compile and review the results of studies on probiotics and their applications especially for biological control agents in aquaculture. Antagonistic property of microorganisms against pathogenic microorganisms is a beneficial property to discover new microorganisms as candidates of biological control agents. Mechanisms of several biological control agents in aquaculture have not been known in detail yet. However, the mechanisms might be categorized as the production of inhibitory substances, the competition in utilization of certain substances and/or energy, adhesion competition, enhance the immune response of host, improve the water and environment quality, and the interaction with zooplankton and phytoplankton. Several bacteria in the genus Bacillus, Vibrio, Pseudoalteromonas, Alteromonas, Pseudomonas, Thalassobacter, Aeromonas, Lactobacillus, Carnobacterium, Leuconostoc and Pediococcus are well known probionts for biological control in aquaculture. These biological control agents are very strain specific. Therefore, different strains in the same species might have far different antagonistic properties for the same patogen. Probiotics for biological control in aquaculture have been applied not only in fishes but also in crustaceans and moluscs. Key words: antagonistic, aquaculture, biological control, probioti