Aktivitas insektisida ekstrak kulit batang empat famili tumbuhan terhadap ulat krop kubis Crocidolomia pavonana (F.): Insecticidal activity of bark extracts of four plant families against cabbage head caterpillar Crocido

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the insecticidal activity of bark extracts of 35 plant species belonging to four families (Clusiaceae, Lecythidaceae Meliaceae, and Sapindaceae) against the cabbage head caterpillar Crocidolomia pavonana. Extraction of the test plant materials were performed with maceration method using ethanol and methanol continued by counter-current distribution separation in ethylacetate and water. Bark extract preparation of each plant species was tested against C. pavonana larvae by leaf-feeding method at concentration of 0.25% and 0.5%. Second-instar C. pavonana larvae were fed extract-treated broccoli leaves for 48 hours, then were presented with untreated leaves until the surviving larvae reached the fourth-instar larvae. The number of dead larvae was recorded. The phytochemical test of bark extract of Calophyllum soulattri was done by qualitative method. The results showed that the bark extracts of C. soulattri (Clusiaceae), Barringtonia sarcostachys (Lecythidaceae), and Aglaia tomentosa (Meliaceae) exhibited good insecticidal activity. Methanol extract of C. soulattri barks possessed strong insecticidal activity against C. pavonana larvae with LC9, of 0.21%. This extract showed positive response in alkaloid and triterpenoid qualitative tests. Further studies are needed to identify insecticidal compounds in those active extracts. Key words: Bark extracts, botanical insecticides, Crocidolomia pavonana. INTISARI Pensujian ditujukan untuk mengetahui aktivitas insektisida ekstrak kulit batang 35 tumbuhan dari famili Clusiaceae, Lecythidaceae Meliaceae, dan Sapindaceae terhadap ulat krop kubis Crocidolomia pavonana. Ekstraksi bahan tumbuhan uji dilakukan dengan metode maserasi dengan pelarut etanol dan metanol yang dilanjutkan dengan partisi ekstrak menggunakan etil asetat dan air. Ekstrak diuji pada konsentrasi 0,25% dan 0,5% dengan metode pengolesan sediaan pada permukaan daun brokoli. Lama pemberian makan daun perlakuan selama 48 jam pada larva instar II. Pengamatan dilakukan setiap ban dengan menghitung mortalitas larva uji. Pengujian fitokimia ekstrak kulit batang Calophyllum soulattri dilakukan dengan metode kualitatif. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa sediaan kulit batang tumbuhan C. soulattri (Clusiaceae), Barringtonia sarcostachys (Lecythidaceae), dan Aglaia tomentosa (Meliaceae) memiliki aktivitas insektisida. Ekstrak metanol kulit batang C. soulattri memiliki aktivitas insektisida yang kuat terhadap larva C. pavonana dengan LC95 sebesar 0,21%. Ekstrak tersebut menunjukkan respons yang positif terhadap uji alkaloid dan triterpenoid. Penelitian lebih lanjut perlu dilakukan untuk mengidentifikasi senyawa insektisida dalam ekstrak yang aktif Kata kunci: Crocidolomia pavonana, ekstrak kulit batang, insektisida botan