Perilaku Tanah Sebagai Instrumen Sanitasi Lingkungan Terhadap Pencemaran Sampah Kota = Soil Behavior as Environmental Sanitation Instrument on Municipal Refuse Pollution

ABSTRACT Soil is a part of the environment assuming the worst impact of environmental pollutant such as municipal refuse resulted from human activities. The objectives of this study were threefold: (1) to investigate the soil behavior when refuse was dumped on it, (2) to examine the behavior of ions on the soil columns tested, and (3) to examine the interaction within ions. The materials used as sanitation instruments were Andisols, Vertisols, and Oxisols obtained from Girikerto, Bulurejo, and Pelaihari, respectively. Refuse, as pollutant, was taken from landfills at Tambakboyo, Condong Catur, Sleman. Those types of soil were chosen because they have different physical and chemical characteristics. This study was performed by leaching the 60 cm soil columns in which the municipal refuse was put, with distilled water. The ways of soil columns leaching were as follows(1) saturating for two days after reductive condition achieved, (2) dropping the distilled water of about 4 mL/hour to the columns, and (3) watering distilled water of 100 mL to the columns once a day. Then, 500 mL of the leachate from each column were retained inthe bottles. The results of analysis which involved Pb, Zn, Ca, Mgâ and P that were adsorbed by the soil at 20, 40, and 60 cm depth and leachage depicted the behavior of ions in soil columns. There are competitions between Pb and Zn and Ca and Mg. The treatment of column saturation resulted in more ions could be adsorbed by the soil. Oxisols adsorbed more Pb and Zn than Andisols and Vertisols. The deeper the column the lesser the Pb and Zn adsorbed. On the other hand, Vertisols adsorbed more Ca and Mg than Oxisols and Andisols, while Ca and Mg were competitive elements. For P, it was adsorbed more at deeper columns. By comparing the graphs of Pb/Ca + Mg, Zn/Ca+M& and P/Ca+Mg and the graphs of Pb, Zn, and P. it could be concluded that P/ Ca + Mg and P from both graphs indicated similar tendencies. It meant that Ca + Mg may control P but not for Pb and Zn. Keywords: Behavior, soil, pollution, municipal refuse