Agresi Penonton Sepakbola = Football Spectators Aggression

The aim of this study was to examine many psychological factors in the football spectators aggression. Using reciprocal determinism model by Bandura, aggression was seen as the behavior influenced by fanaticism, sum of spectators, situational cues, deindividuation, and frustration. Deinviduation was also influenced by fanaticism, sum of spectators and the situational cues. Lastly, frustration was influenced by the situational cues. The population of this study was the football games in The Second Dunhill League Football held in Surabaya. The samples consisted of 27 games. In this study, data was collected by using photographs that covered many events of the games, especially related to the variables. The photos were rated by two raters. Before rating, they were trained to use observation guide, except for the sum of spectators variable. Inter-rater reliability was used to show the reliability of the data. Then, the data was analyzed using structural equation modelling in the LISREL program. Path analyses indicated that the degree of spectators aggression is directly influenced by fanaticism, situational cues, and the frustration. Deindividuation is not identified as the intervening variable of that aggression. The sum of spectators was also not being the variable that influencing deindividuation and the aggression. As an intervening variable, frustration variable is influenced directly by the situational cues. From this analyses, the path of the sum of spectators is ommited, and the deindividuation variable has just correlated with aggression. There are two suggestions for the next research. First, using video-tape recorder is the best way to collect data. Besides its capability to cover all behavior, it could record behaviors very well. Second, the samples of this study must be added, so the model would be fifted. Keywords: Aggression, fanaticism, sum of spectators, situational cues, deindividuation, frustration